發(fā)布時間：2018-06-19 23:00

  本文選題：碳納米管 + 聚氨酯泡沫��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：車身是汽車的重要組成部分,它是保護成員安全的一道屏障。提高汽車安全性的方法有很多種,包括:優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)、改善工藝和采用新型材料。隨著技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)填充吸能材料是提高汽車安全性最有效、最直接的途徑之一。但是,目前制造汽車所應(yīng)用的材料已經(jīng)漸漸不能滿足汽車行業(yè)高速發(fā)展的需求,新型材料的研發(fā)迫在眉睫。碳納米管作為一種具有超高強度、模量的納米顆粒,非常適合作為填料來改善復(fù)合材料的性能。由于實驗條件的不同,碳納米管與復(fù)合材料相結(jié)合所形成的碳納米管復(fù)合材料也會有很大差異,嚴(yán)格規(guī)范實驗方法以及控制實驗條件對于碳納米管復(fù)合材料的制備起到至關(guān)重要的作用。聚氨酯泡沫材料能夠成為汽車上應(yīng)用最廣泛的材料之一,主要是因為其制造成本低、制造方法簡單以及本身具有一定的吸能特性。但是,由于其吸能效果相比于其他吸能材料(例如金屬泡沫鋁)偏低,漸漸地被研究人員忽視。納米技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)促進了新型材料的開發(fā),研究人員運用這些技術(shù)可以開發(fā)出具有高能量吸收特性的低密度輕質(zhì)泡沫。本文將碳納米管與聚氨酯泡沫的優(yōu)勢相結(jié)合,合理選用實驗方法,制備出不同比例的碳納米聚氨酯泡沫,對碳納米聚氨酯泡沫以及其填充結(jié)構(gòu)的吸能特性進行研究,并應(yīng)用于B柱,以提高B柱的耐撞性。具體研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)詳細介紹碳納米聚氨酯泡沫的制備過程。通過介紹實驗條件以及原料,針對碳納米聚氨酯泡沫的特性,選擇合適的實驗原料和制備方法。制備五種不同比例的碳納米聚氨酯泡沫,作為本文的研究對象。(2)研究碳納米聚氨酯復(fù)合材料的吸能特性。首先,運用準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)壓縮試驗方法,獲取聚氨酯泡沫材料的載荷-位移曲線,并且采用相關(guān)吸能理論進行分析計算,選取吸能效果最佳的碳納米聚氨酯泡沫。泡沫材料的壓縮變形過程主要分為四個階段:線性彈性變形階段、彈塑性過渡階段、屈服平臺階段和致密化階段。然后,利用拉伸、彎曲試驗所獲取的材料參數(shù)作為數(shù)值模擬的數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ),對碳納米聚氨酯泡沫壓縮過程進行仿真分析,驗證仿真模型的有效性。(3)以不銹鋼薄壁圓管為例,進行聚氨酯泡沫材料填充結(jié)構(gòu)吸能特性分析。理論分析薄壁圓管的三種變形模式:軸對稱模式變形、非軸對稱模式變形和混合模式變形。然后利用準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)拉伸試驗方法獲得薄壁圓管的材料參數(shù),制備三種不同的薄壁圓管壓縮樣件:空薄壁圓管、普通聚氨酯填充薄壁圓管和碳納米聚氨酯填充薄壁圓管,分別進行準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)壓縮試驗,分析試驗結(jié)果,對比能量吸收值與比吸能(SEA)值,驗證碳納米聚氨酯填充薄壁圓管的吸能特性。建立薄壁圓管有限元模型,對空薄壁圓管和碳納米聚氨酯填充薄壁圓管分別進行數(shù)值模擬,驗證仿真方法的正確性。(4)碳納米聚氨酯泡沫填充B柱耐撞性分析。建立移動壁障與B柱有限元模型,將碳納米聚氨酯泡沫填充于B柱結(jié)構(gòu),進行碰撞仿真。對比分析填充前后B柱的侵入量、侵入速度和吸能情況,驗證碳納米聚氨酯泡沫應(yīng)用于車身部件的吸能特性。碳納米聚氨酯泡沫填充車身部件可以提高車身的耐撞性,碳納米聚氨酯泡沫具有比金屬泡沫質(zhì)量輕的特點,可以作為一種吸能材料。
[Abstract]:The body is an important part of the car, it is a barrier to protect the safety of the members. There are many ways to improve the safety of the car, including: optimizing the structure, improving the process and adopting new materials. With the continuous development of technology, the researchers found that filling energy absorption material is one of the most effective and direct ways to lift car safety. However, the materials used in automobile manufacturing have gradually been unable to meet the rapid development needs of the automobile industry. The research and development of new materials are imminent. As a kind of nano particles with super strength and modulus, carbon nanotubes are very suitable as filler to improve the properties of composites. The carbon nanotube composites formed by the combination of composite materials also vary greatly. It is very important for the preparation of the carbon nanotube composites to strictly regulate the experimental methods and control the experimental conditions. The polyurethane foam material can be one of the most widely used materials in the automobile, mainly because of its manufacturing cost. It is low, simple in manufacturing and has certain energy absorption characteristics. However, because its energy absorption effect is lower than other energy absorbing materials (such as metal foam aluminum), researchers have gradually ignored the development of new materials by the appearance of nanotechnology, which can be used to develop high energy absorption special. In this paper, the advantages of carbon nanotubes and polyurethane foam are combined, and the experimental method is used to prepare different proportions of carbon nanoscale polyurethane foam. The absorption properties of carbon nanoscale polyurethane foam and its filling structure are studied and applied to the B column to improve the crashworthiness of the B column. As follows: (1) the preparation process of carbon nanoscale polyurethane foam is introduced in detail. By introducing experimental conditions and raw materials, selecting suitable experimental materials and preparation methods for carbon nanoscale polyurethane foam, five kinds of carbon nanoscale polyurethane foam with different proportions are prepared as the research object of this paper. (2) research on carbon nanoscale polyurethane composites First, the load displacement curve of the polyurethane foam material is obtained by the quasi static compression test method, and the carbon nanoscale polyurethane foam with the best energy absorption effect is selected by the related energy absorption theory. The compression deformation process of the foam material is divided into four stages: linear elastic deformation stage, projectile The plastic transition stage, the yield platform stage and the densification stage. Then, using the material parameters obtained by the tensile and bending test as the data basis of the numerical simulation, the simulation analysis of the carbon nanoscale polyurethane foam compression process is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the simulation model. (3) a stainless steel thin-walled circular tube is used as an example to fill in the polyurethane foam material. Three types of deformation modes of thin-walled circular tubes are analyzed theoretically: axisymmetric pattern deformation, non axisymmetric pattern deformation and mixed mode deformation. Then, the material parameters of thin-walled circular tubes are obtained by quasi static tensile test, and three different compression samples of thin-walled circular tubes are prepared: empty thin-walled circular tubes and ordinary polyurethane filling. Thin-walled circular tubes and carbon nanoscale filled circular tubes were filled with thin-walled circular tubes. The test results were carried out respectively. The energy absorption properties of the thin-walled circular tubes filled with carbon nanofibers were verified by comparison of the energy absorption and specific energy absorption (SEA) values. The finite element model of thin-walled circular tubes was established, and the thin-walled circular tubes and carbon nanospu filled thin-walled circular tubes were filled. Do not carry out numerical simulation to verify the correctness of the simulation method. (4) the collision resistance analysis of carbon nanoscale polyurethane foam filled B column. A finite element model of moving wall barrier and B column is set up. The carbon nanoscale polyurethane foam is filled in the structure of B column, and the collision simulation is carried out. The intrusion rate, the intrusion velocity and the energy absorption of the B column before and after filling are compared and analyzed, and the carbon nanoscale is verified. Polyurethane foam is applied to the energy absorption characteristics of body parts. Carbon nanoscale polyurethane foam filling body components can improve the collision resistance of the body. Carbon nanoscale polyurethane foam has the characteristics of lighter than metal foam, and can be used as a kind of energy absorbing material.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ328.3;TB332

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