發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-16 21:38

【摘要】：電能作為一種清潔能源,可以由水能、太陽(yáng)能轉(zhuǎn)換得到,減少環(huán)境污染的同時(shí)也避免了因傳統(tǒng)化石能源短缺造成的能源危機(jī)。而電池作為一種獨(dú)立的儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng),正發(fā)揮著越發(fā)重要的作用。在電動(dòng)汽車(chē)、無(wú)人飛行器和運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)器人等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域,動(dòng)力型鋰電池組往往作為其中的供能裝置,為了提高電池組的使用效率和使用安全,就需要配套完善合理的電池管理系統(tǒng)(BMS)對(duì)電池組進(jìn)行相關(guān)管理和控制,以保證電池組的正常工作。由于電動(dòng)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展,當(dāng)前對(duì)于電池管理系統(tǒng)研究的重點(diǎn)往往集中大容量電池組方向的研究,但卻不適用于低速電動(dòng)車(chē)、助力車(chē)和機(jī)器人等領(lǐng)域。本文基于三元?jiǎng)恿︿囯姵?設(shè)計(jì)了一種面向小容量電池組的電池管理系統(tǒng)(BMS)。從三元鋰電池特性研究出發(fā),進(jìn)行特性研究與測(cè)試,在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了一種補(bǔ)償滯回電壓特性和回彈特性的電池模型。再在模型基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合無(wú)跡卡爾曼濾波算法進(jìn)行電池的剩余電量估算,達(dá)到了良好的估算效果。本文設(shè)計(jì)的電池管理系統(tǒng)主要包括剩余電量估算,均衡管理,電壓電流檢測(cè),數(shù)據(jù)通訊,熱管理,安全保護(hù)和信息顯示等功能�？傮w采用基于菊花鏈的分布式結(jié)構(gòu),將總體功能分散到主控單元和檢測(cè)單元兩部分來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。軟件開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中加入了嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)FreeRTOS,提高了系統(tǒng)資源的使用率,增強(qiáng)了系統(tǒng)實(shí)時(shí)性。基于MFC設(shè)計(jì)的上位機(jī)界面可以顯示系統(tǒng)基本參數(shù),完成人機(jī)交互的功能。最后,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境下對(duì)這種面向小容量三元?jiǎng)恿︿囯姵亟M的電池管理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了總體性的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。通過(guò)將測(cè)試電池組接入電池管理系統(tǒng),對(duì)電壓、電流和溫度等重要參數(shù)進(jìn)行采集比對(duì),完成了系統(tǒng)采樣精度的驗(yàn)證。同時(shí)對(duì)均衡管理功能和熱管理功能進(jìn)行了初步驗(yàn)證。最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了電池管理系統(tǒng)的主體功能,達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求和目的。
[Abstract]:As a kind of clean energy, electric energy can be obtained by conversion of water energy and solar energy to reduce environmental pollution and avoid the energy crisis caused by the shortage of traditional fossil energy. As an independent energy storage system, battery is playing an increasingly important role. In many fields, such as electric vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles and motion robots, the power lithium battery pack is often used as the energy supply device, in order to improve the efficiency and safety of the battery pack, In order to ensure the normal operation of the battery pack, it is necessary to complete and perfect the reasonable cell management system (BMS) for the relevant management and control of the battery pack. Due to the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, the current research focus on battery management system is usually focused on the research of the direction of large capacity battery pack, but it is not suitable for low-speed electric vehicles, rickshaws and robots. Based on the ternary power lithium battery, a battery management system (BMS).) for small capacity battery pack is designed in this paper. Based on the study of the characteristics of ternary lithium batteries, a battery model for compensating hysteresis voltage and springback characteristics is established. On the basis of the model, the unscented Kalman filter algorithm is used to estimate the battery residual quantity. The battery management system designed in this paper mainly includes the functions of residual power estimation, balance management, voltage and current detection, data communication, thermal management, security protection and information display. A distributed architecture based on chrysanthemum chain is adopted in this paper, and the whole function is distributed to two parts: the main control unit and the detection unit. In the process of software development, the embedded operating system FreeRTOS, is added to improve the utilization rate of system resources and enhance the real-time performance of the system. The upper computer interface designed based on MFC can display the basic parameters of the system and complete the function of man-machine interaction. Finally, the battery management system for small capacity ternary power lithium-ion battery pack is tested in laboratory environment. By connecting the test battery pack into the battery management system and collecting and comparing the important parameters such as voltage, current and temperature, the sampling accuracy of the system is verified. At the same time, the equilibrium management function and the thermal management function are preliminarily verified. Finally, the main function of the battery management system is realized, and the design requirements and purposes are achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM912;TP311.52

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