發(fā)布時間：2018-02-20 23:35

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 配電線路 輸電線路 行波故障定位 在線巡視 最優(yōu)配置 互感器傳變特性　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著智能電網(wǎng)建設(shè)的推進,超/特高壓遠距離大容量輸電線路數(shù)量不斷增加,配電網(wǎng)負荷密度不斷提高,電力線路作為電力系統(tǒng)運行的大動脈,其安全可靠運行成為電力系統(tǒng)輸電和配電運行管理環(huán)節(jié)的重中之重,是確保電力供應(yīng)安全性和可靠性的關(guān)鍵所在,是實現(xiàn)我國發(fā)展智能電網(wǎng)初衷的重要基礎(chǔ)。 為提高電力線路安全運行水平,目前的主要技術(shù)手段包括線路發(fā)生故障后的故障精確定位和線路發(fā)生故障前的電力線路在線巡視監(jiān)測兩方面內(nèi)容。 線路發(fā)生故障后的故障精確定位是保障故障線路快速修復(fù)和非故障區(qū)域供電快速恢復(fù)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)�；�于故障暫態(tài)行波的定位方法受TA飽和、故障電阻、故障類型及系統(tǒng)運行方式影響小,定位精度高,一直是研究的熱點,并已廣泛應(yīng)用于輸電系統(tǒng)中,但其在定位可靠性方面還有待進一步提高。同時,相較于輸電線路故障定位,配電網(wǎng)故障自動定位技術(shù)的概念更為寬泛,實現(xiàn)上也更為復(fù)雜,主要包括故障選線、區(qū)段定位和故障測距。非有效接地配電網(wǎng)的故障選線和單相接地故障區(qū)段定位一直是電力系統(tǒng)中的一大難題。由于配電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,分支多等特點,輸電線路行波故障測距方法也不能直接應(yīng)用于配電網(wǎng)故障測距中。需要研究基于故障暫態(tài)行波的配電網(wǎng)故障定位新方法。 線路發(fā)生故障前的電力線路在線巡視監(jiān)測可及時獲取電力線路運行狀態(tài)和環(huán)境信息,發(fā)現(xiàn)電力線路及其設(shè)備的異常狀態(tài)與缺陷,以便運維人員提前做好設(shè)備檢修工作�，F(xiàn)有的巡視監(jiān)測方法主要包括人工巡線、直升機巡線、基于巡線機器人巡線,以及輔助的狀態(tài)在線監(jiān)測方法。這些方法還不能滿足工程現(xiàn)場需求,實現(xiàn)電力線路全景狀態(tài)的在線實時監(jiān)視和遠程操控巡視,不能實現(xiàn)智能預(yù)警。 為克服以上問題,本文重點研究了基于故障暫態(tài)行波的中壓配電網(wǎng)故障選線、區(qū)段定位和故障測距以及交流輸電線路故障測距方法,同時對基于輸電線路光纖復(fù)合架空地線(OPGW)光纖通信的輸電線路在線巡視監(jiān)測新方法展開研究。具體內(nèi)容如下： 首先,對基于模量行波到達時間差的單端行波故障測距方法進行了改進,并將其應(yīng)用于配電網(wǎng)單相接地故障測距中。通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn)選擇小波變換合適大尺度下模極大值標(biāo)定波頭到達時刻可使零模檢測波速度更穩(wěn)定,并分析得出可利用波頭到達時刻頻率分量與故障距離的關(guān)系、零模波速度與頻率的關(guān)系構(gòu)造迭代公式提取零模檢測波速度,提出的迭代算法提高了零模波速度求取的準(zhǔn)確性及抗干擾能力�；�于此,提出基于模量行波傳輸時間差的配電網(wǎng)單相接地故障雙端定位方法,理論分析和仿真結(jié)果顯示該方法無需全網(wǎng)精確時間同步,不僅可定位主干線路故障點,還可定位分支線路故障點。 其次,對基于單相相電流行波的配電網(wǎng)故障選線和區(qū)段定位方法進行了研究,針對僅安裝A、C兩相電流互感器這一配電網(wǎng)工程現(xiàn)場情況,通過分析相電流暫態(tài)行波在母線處的折反射特性,提出基于本地單相相電流暫態(tài)行波比幅比相的預(yù)選線算法。結(jié)合相電流行波的傳輸特性,通過分析比較聯(lián)絡(luò)線兩端母線處的預(yù)選線結(jié)果實現(xiàn)區(qū)段定位。同時考慮到饋線終端(FTU)大多配套安裝線電壓互感器,提出利用母線處的相電流行波、饋線末端的線電壓行波實現(xiàn)故障測距。所提定位方案可統(tǒng)一實現(xiàn)配電網(wǎng)中的故障選線、區(qū)段定位與故障測距。 第三,為提高輸電線路行波故障測距的可靠性,基于特征非奇異集,提出了一種輸電線路網(wǎng)絡(luò)式行波定位單元優(yōu)化配置方法及相應(yīng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)式行波定位算法。利用Dijkstra算法將電力網(wǎng)拓撲圖等效為最大非奇異集,進而得出每條線路的特征非奇異集。結(jié)合行波定位原理,利用特征集形成優(yōu)化配置方案。同時研究了基于最大非奇異集的網(wǎng)絡(luò)式行波定位算法。所提出的方法可保證在行波定位單元安裝數(shù)量最少時,即使斷路器狀態(tài)未知也可定位任意線路上的故障位置,能有效提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)式行波定位方法的可靠性和實用性。 第四,在時域中對電磁式互感器傳變特性的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)其暫態(tài)響應(yīng)存在自由振蕩過程,通過分析這一過程對行波故障定位算法的影響得出行波定位方法的采樣率必須保證在1MHz以上才可獲得理想的定位精度,且為保證選取的小波分解尺度最佳,連續(xù)小波變換(CWT)相較離散小波變換(DWT)更加適合定位行波波頭到達時刻。 第五,分析了輸電線路巡視任務(wù)及必要的狀態(tài)監(jiān)測功能,結(jié)合最新的OPGW接續(xù)引下技術(shù)以及以太無源光網(wǎng)絡(luò)(EPON)技術(shù),提出光纖通信網(wǎng)的組網(wǎng)方案,既而給出由逐塔配置的桿塔終端、EPON以及后臺監(jiān)控主機構(gòu)成的架空線路在線巡視監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)方案。據(jù)此研發(fā)了相應(yīng)的樣機并進行了試運行。同時還基于網(wǎng)孔分析法對OPGW故障電流分布特性進行了分析,既而提出基于相鄰桿塔處OPGW故障電流相位比較的故障測距算法。所開發(fā)的系統(tǒng)可實現(xiàn)輸電線路的自動定時智能巡視和人工遠程操控巡視。所提出的算法可實現(xiàn)精確到塔距的故障測距。 最后,對全文工作與創(chuàng)新點進行了總結(jié),并對后續(xù)研究工作進行了展望。
[Abstract]:With the smart grid construction, the number of EHV / UHV long distance transmission line increases, the distribution network load density increasing, the power line as the main artery of the operation of power system, the safe and reliable operation has become the priority among priorities of the transmission and distribution of power system operation and management, is the key to ensure the safety of electricity supply and reliability, is an important foundation to realize the original intention of the development of smart grid in China.
In order to improve the safe operation level of power lines, the main technical means include two aspects: the precise location of the fault after the fault occurs, and the on-line inspection of the power line before the line fails.
The accurate fault location of fault line after is the key technology to ensure the rapid repair of fault line and non fault area power supply fast recovery. Positioning method of transient traveling wave based on TA saturation, fault resistance, fault type and operation mode of the system is small, high precision, has been the focus of research, and has been widely used in power transmission in the system, but the positioning reliability is to be further improved. At the same time, compared to the fault location of the transmission line, the concept of automatic positioning technology of distribution network fault is broader, implementation is more complex, mainly including fault detection, location and fault location. Ground fault location in non effective earthed distribution network fault line selection and fault phase is always a big problem in the power system. Because the distribution network structure is complex, many branches, transmission line traveling wave fault location is not straight A new method for fault location of distribution network based on fault transient traveling wave is needed to be used in fault location of distribution network.
The power line fault occurred before the online patrol monitoring can timely access to the power line running state and environmental information, abnormal state and defects of power lines and equipment, operation and maintenance personnel to do maintenance work. The existing methods of monitoring inspections including artificial patrol line, helicopter patrol line, line patrol inspection robot based on and the auxiliary state on-line monitoring method. These methods can not meet the engineering site requirements, implementation of state power line panorama real-time online monitoring and remote control inspections, not intelligent warning.
In order to overcome the above problems, this paper focuses on the research of fault transient traveling wave fault line selection based on medium voltage distribution network, location and fault location and AC transmission line fault location method, at the same time of OPGW of transmission line based on transmission line (OPGW) optical fiber communication is researched. A new method of monitoring inspection as follows:
First of all, the single terminal traveling wave fault location method based on traveling wave arrival time difference modulus was improved and applied to the single-phase grounding fault location. Through the analysis of selection of wavelet transform modulus maxima suitable large scale calibration of the arrival time of traveling wave velocity to zero mode detection is more stable, and analysis it can use the wave arrival time between frequency components and the fault distance, the relationship between constructing iterative formula of zero mode wave speed and the frequency of the detected zero mode wave velocity, an iterative algorithm is proposed to improve the accuracy of zero mode wave and calculating speed and anti-jamming ability. Based on this, the grounding fault location method of single phase modulus of the traveling wave transmission distribution network based on time difference, theoretical analysis and simulation results show that this method does not require the whole network precision time synchronization, positioning can not only trunk line fault points, but also to locate branch line the road A barrier point.
Secondly, the single phase power pop wave distribution network fault line selection and location based methods are studied, aiming at the installation of A, C phase current transformer the power distribution network engineering field, the characteristics of catadioptric in busbar transient traveling through the analysis of the phase current, based on local single phase current transient traveling wave comparison of the amplitude and phase algorithm. Combined with the pre line transmission characteristics of phase current traveling wave, pre line through the analysis and comparison of contact line terminal the location. At the same time taking into account the feeder terminal unit (FTU) are supporting the installation of line voltage transformer, the bus phase current, line voltage traveling wave feeder terminal the implementation of fault location. The proposed localization scheme can be realized in the distribution network fault line selection and fault location, location.
Third, in order to improve the reliability of traveling wave fault location of transmission line, based on the characteristics of non singular set, proposes a network transmission line fault location unit optimization configuration method and network fault location. Corresponding algorithm uses Dijkstra algorithm to power network topology is equivalent to the non singular set, then each line of non characteristic the singular set. Combined with the principle of traveling wave location, using the feature set form configuration optimization scheme. At the same time on the network fault location algorithm based on the maximum non singular set. The proposed method can ensure the minimum number of traveling wave location unit is installed, even unknown circuit breaker status can also locate any fault location on the line, can effectively improve the the reliability and practicability of the network type traveling wave location method.
Fourth, in the time domain of electromagnetic transformer analysis of transient response characteristics that the existence of free oscillation process, through the analysis of the influence of the process of traveling wave fault location algorithm of traveling wave location method of sampling rate to ensure the positioning accuracy can be obtained in the above 1MHz, and to ensure the selection of wavelet decomposition scale the best, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) compared with the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is more suitable for positioning the head of traveling wave arrival time.
Fifth, analysis of the transmission line inspection tasks and necessary condition monitoring function, combined with the latest OPGW connection under technology and Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) technology, the networking scheme of optical fiber communication network, which is given by the terminal tower by tower configuration, overhead lines EPON and host monitors online inspection form design of monitoring system. The development of the prototype and the trial operation. Also based on the mesh analysis of the OPGW fault current distribution characteristics method, then put forward the fault location algorithm of adjacent towers at the OPGW fault current based on phase. The system can achieve the transmission line automatic timing and remote artificial intelligent inspection control of inspection. The proposed algorithm can achieve accurate fault location from the tower.
Finally, the full text work and innovation point are summarized, and the follow-up research work is prospected.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM75

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