發(fā)布時間：2018-02-22 03:40

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： DCVD 四針狀納米ZnO 量子點 染料敏化 異質(zhì)結(jié)太陽能電池　出處：《廣西大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：為應對全球化石燃料加速枯竭和全球日益高漲的能源需求,可再生能源將逐步取代常規(guī)化石燃料能源。太陽能資源開發(fā)中光伏發(fā)電存在巨大的潛能。 ZnO是直接躍遷、寬禁帶材料(Eg=3.37eV),具有高的激子束縛能(60meV),有壓電、導電、在可見光范圍內(nèi)透明、在紅外波段高反射率等特性。因而,ZnO應用廣泛,可用作LCD或LED的透明電極、光伏器件、化學傳感器、鐵電存儲器、熱反射器、表面聲波器件和低損耗波導等。 目前太陽能電池從技術(shù)上主要分為：硅太陽能電池、碲化鎘(CdTe)太陽能電池、銅銦鎵硒(CIGS)薄膜電池、Ⅲ-Ⅴ族化合物太陽能電池、有機太陽能電池、染料敏化太陽能電池(DSSC)等。 本論文在以往方法的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)造性地發(fā)明了一種制備直徑在20nm以下的小尺寸四針狀納米ZnO的方法,而且大大提高了小尺寸四針狀納米氧化鋅的產(chǎn)率。本論文采用X射線衍射(XRD)、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、PL表征、紫外可見光譜表征對制得的小尺寸四針狀納米ZnO樣品的進行了表征。通過研究不同工藝參數(shù)對制備小尺寸四針狀納米ZnO的影響,初步探討了小尺寸四針狀納米ZnO的形成機理,以此得到了制備小尺寸四針狀納米ZnO優(yōu)選條件。 本論文接著將制備的小尺寸四針狀納米ZnO分別與CdTe.CdSe.CdS.PbS等量子點制備成ZnO-量子點太陽能電池。又將通過干式化學氣相沉積法制備的小尺寸四針狀納米ZnO經(jīng)過N719染料敏化后組裝成了ZnO染料敏化太陽能電池。然后將通過干式化學氣相沉積法制備的小尺寸四針狀納米ZnO與對本乙烯撐的衍生物聚[2-甲氧基,5-(2-乙基-己氧基)-對苯乙炔](英文縮寫MEH-PPV)組裝成了雙層結(jié)構(gòu)面異質(zhì)結(jié)無機/有機聚合物太陽能電池。最后采用由500W氙燈作為太陽光模擬器,并由CHI660D型電化學工作站作為電信號輸出裝置組成的太陽能電池測試系統(tǒng)測試了不同尺寸四針狀納米ZnO制備成的ZnO-CdTe、ZnO-CdSe、ZnO-CdS、ZnO-PbS等ZnO-量子點太陽能電池、染料敏化ZnO太陽能電池、ITO/Au/小尺寸四針狀納米ZnO/MEH-PPV/PEDOT:PSS/ITO太陽能電池。 研究結(jié)果表明： (1)鋅蒸發(fā)溫度是影響四針狀納米ZnO形貌和尺寸的關(guān)鍵因素。鋅的蒸發(fā)溫度越高,生成的四針狀納米ZnO的尺寸越大； (2)想要得到高產(chǎn)率的結(jié)晶良好的小尺寸四針狀納米ZnO,關(guān)鍵還要控制整個反應體系中不能含有諸如水分子之類會對主要反應2Zn(g)+O2=2ZnO(g)或?qū)λ尼槧罴{米ZnO晶體形貌產(chǎn)生影響的物質(zhì)； (3)干式化學氣相沉積法(DCVD)制得ZnO的XRD譜與標準卡片JCPDS card No.36-1451衍射峰位置及衍射峰強度基本吻合,表明生成的產(chǎn)物純度很高,為晶格常數(shù)為a=0.3242Inm, c=0.51941nm的六方纖鋅礦； (4)SEM表征結(jié)果表明,蒸發(fā)溫度為450℃時采用干式化學氣相沉積法制得的小尺寸四針狀納米ZnO針長約為200nm,針徑約為15nm,這是目前為止采用氣相沉積法制備納米ZnO方法得到的最小尺寸 (5)PL表征結(jié)果表明,由于采用干式化學氣相沉積法制得的四針狀納米ZnO尺寸較小,制得小尺寸四針狀納米ZnO將在可見光466nm處有效吸收光能并發(fā)生激子躍遷,綠光激發(fā)位置發(fā)生藍移,激發(fā)強度更強,這將有利于采用干式化學氣相沉積法制得小尺寸四針狀納米ZnO組裝的光伏器件形成有效的電子—空穴電對。 (6)紫外可見光譜表征表明由于干式化學氣相沉積法制得小尺寸四針狀納米ZnO尺寸更小,晶體結(jié)構(gòu)更加規(guī)整,導致紫外可見吸收光譜波段范圍更寬,吸收強度更大。 (7)當其他條件相似時,四針狀納米ZnO的尺寸越小,制備得到的各種ZnO太陽能電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)化效率Eff就高,這與四針狀納米ZnO的尺寸越小,小尺寸效應越顯著的理論想吻合； (8)當其他條件相似時,與四針狀納米ZnO組裝成ZnO-量子點太陽能電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)化效率Eff高低順序為：CdTeCdSePbSCdS.
[Abstract]:In response to the accelerated depletion of global fossil fuels and the increasing global demand for energy , renewable energy will gradually replace conventional fossil fuel energy sources . Photovoltaic power generation in the development of solar resources has enormous potential . ZnO is a direct transition , wide bandgap material ( Eg = 3.37eV ) , high exciton binding energy ( 60meV ) , piezoelectric , conductive , transparent in visible range , high reflectivity in infrared band , etc . Thus , ZnO is widely used as transparent electrode , photovoltaic device , chemical sensor , ferroelectric memory , thermal reflector , surface acoustic wave device and low - loss waveguide , etc . of LCD or LED . Currently , solar cells are technically classified into : silicon solar cells , cadmium telluride ( CdTe ) solar cells , copper indium gallium selenide ( cigs ) thin film batteries , III - V compound solar cells , organic solar cells , dye - sensitized solar cells ( DSSC ) , and the like . On the basis of the previous methods , a method for preparing a small - sized four - needle nano - ZnO with a diameter of less than 20 nm is creatively developed , and the production rate of the small - sized four - needle nano - ZnO is greatly improved . The effect of different process parameters on the preparation of the small - sized four - needle nano ZnO sample is studied . The ZnO - CdTe solar cells prepared by dry chemical vapor deposition method were assembled into ZnO - quantum dot solar cells . The four needle - like nano - ZnO prepared by dry chemical vapor deposition method was prepared by the dry chemical vapor deposition method . The results show that : ( 1 ) Zinc evaporation temperature is the key factor affecting the morphology and size of tetrapod - like nano - ZnO . The higher the evaporation temperature of zinc , the larger the size of the four - needle nanometer ZnO . ( 2 ) it is necessary to control the whole reaction system which can not contain substances such as water molecules which can influence the morphology of the main reaction 2Zn ( g ) + O2 = 2ZnO ( g ) or the tetrapod - like nano ZnO crystal ; ( 3 ) The XRD spectrum of ZnO prepared by dry chemical vapor deposition ( DCVD ) is basically in agreement with the diffraction peak position and diffraction peak intensity of standard card JCPDS card No . 36 - 1451 , indicating that the purity of the produced product is very high , which is hexagonal fiber zinc ore with a lattice constant of a = 0.324 2Inm , c = 0.51941nm ; ( 4 ) The results of SEM indicate that the small size tetrapod nanometer ZnO needle prepared by dry chemical vapor deposition method is about 200 nm and the needle diameter is about 15nm when the evaporation temperature is 450 鈩，

本文編號：1523551