發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-10 13:17

【摘要】：隨著生活水平的提高，人們更注重生活品質(zhì)的提高。越來(lái)越多的人開始考慮購(gòu)買車輛，交通壓力日益嚴(yán)峻。傳統(tǒng)的交通信號(hào)燈已經(jīng)無(wú)法滿足人們的需求，更多功能及性能復(fù)雜的交通信號(hào)燈出現(xiàn)在生活當(dāng)中。由于其功能的復(fù)雜性，故障發(fā)生率明顯提高。更多的故障來(lái)自于內(nèi)部元器件，線路之間的電磁干擾。為了讓交通信號(hào)燈更好的為社會(huì)服務(wù),必須提高其抗干擾能力。 本文首先概括了電磁兼容（EMC）的研究背景及國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀，詳細(xì)介紹了電磁干擾三要素,干擾源，傳播途徑，敏感設(shè)備。抑制方法包括利用低輻射設(shè)計(jì)，電源線和信號(hào)線的隔離，設(shè)備的屏蔽,接地等，針對(duì)其干擾的不同，利用不同的抑制方法。 然后通過(guò)實(shí)例CAN總線交通信號(hào)燈系統(tǒng)為研究對(duì)象，，利用PADS Logic軟件設(shè)計(jì)其主要組成部分—CAN總線適配器原理圖，對(duì)其關(guān)鍵部分，電源，復(fù)位電路，CAN總線，RS232接口電路等進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的電磁兼容設(shè)計(jì)。在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，用到了大部分的電磁干擾抑制方法，包括接地，濾波，屏蔽等。同時(shí)對(duì)車流量測(cè)量節(jié)點(diǎn)的硬件等進(jìn)行了電磁兼容設(shè)計(jì)。車流量檢查系統(tǒng)用到3.3V電壓，所以采用LM1804-33穩(wěn)壓芯片，把5V電壓轉(zhuǎn)換為穩(wěn)定的3.3V電壓。其次由于線圈傳感器傳遞數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，摻雜有大量的干擾信號(hào)，所正弦信號(hào)經(jīng)過(guò)比較器LM393以及74HC14整形電路后輸出穩(wěn)定的波形，便于單片機(jī)采集。其次，利用PADS Layout繪制交通信號(hào)燈適配器PCB圖，在繪制PCB時(shí)采用PADS獨(dú)特的交互式布局布線方式，同時(shí)考慮電磁干擾的影響，合理設(shè)計(jì)PCB板。整體設(shè)計(jì)完畢后，利用PADS工具中的verify design來(lái)檢查安全間距等規(guī)則沖突。 最后介紹了集成電路正在向高速化和微型化發(fā)展，各種信號(hào)完整性問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)在設(shè)計(jì)者面前。由Mentor Graphics公司開發(fā)的HyperLynx軟件可以對(duì)PCB板信號(hào)完整性及電路實(shí)施優(yōu)化,提高硬件電路的穩(wěn)定性。文章中利用其子功能對(duì)過(guò)孔模型仿真，通過(guò)示波器發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)孔對(duì)電路延時(shí)，以及產(chǎn)生干擾等負(fù)面影響很大。所以必須采取有效的方法抑制其干擾，其次對(duì)雙層板中主要存在串?dāng)_進(jìn)行建模仿真。最后對(duì)整板進(jìn)行電磁兼容測(cè)試，對(duì)不合理的地方改進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of living standard, people pay more attention to the improvement of quality of life. More and more people are considering buying cars, and the traffic pressure is becoming more and more severe. Traditional traffic lights can not meet the needs of people, more functions and complex performance of traffic lights appear in life. Due to the complexity of its functions, the incidence of failures is significantly increased. More failures are due to electromagnetic interference between internal components and lines. In order to make traffic lights better serve the society, we must improve their anti-interference ability. In this paper, the research background of EMC (EMC) and the current research situation at home and abroad are summarized, and the three elements of EMI, interference source, propagation path and sensitive equipment are introduced in detail. The suppression methods include low radiation design, isolation of power line and signal line, shielding of equipment, grounding and so on. Different suppression methods are used for different interference. Then through the example of CAN bus traffic signal lamp system as the research object, using PADS Logic software to design its main component-CAN bus adapter schematic, for its key part, power supply, The reset circuit, CAN bus and RS232 interface circuit are designed in detail. In the design process, most of the electromagnetic interference suppression methods are used, including grounding, filtering, shielding and so on. At the same time, the EMC design of the hardware of the vehicle flow measurement node is carried out. The vehicle flow check system uses 3.3V voltage, so the 5V voltage is converted to a stable 3.3V voltage by using the LM1804-33 voltage stabilizer chip. Secondly, when the coil sensor transmits the data, there are a large number of interference signals, and the sinusoidal signal outputs a stable waveform after the comparator LM393 and 74HC14 shaping circuit, which is convenient for the single chip microcomputer to collect. Secondly, the PCB diagram of traffic signal adapter is drawn by PADS Layout, and the unique interactive layout and wiring mode of PADS is adopted in the drawing of PCB. At the same time, considering the influence of electromagnetic interference, the PCB board is designed reasonably. After the whole design is finished, the verify design in PADS tool is used to check the conflict of rules such as security spacing. Finally, it is introduced that integrated circuits are developing to high speed and miniaturization, and various signal integrity problems appear in front of designers. The HyperLynx software developed by Mentor Graphics Company can optimize the signal integrity and circuit of PCB board and improve the stability of hardware circuit. In this paper, we use its sub-function to simulate the perforation model, and find out by oscilloscope that the over-hole has a great negative effect on circuit delay, interference and so on. Therefore, effective methods must be taken to suppress the interference. Secondly, the main crosstalk in the bilayer plate is modeled and simulated. Finally, the whole board is tested for electromagnetic compatibility, and the unreasonable place is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U491.51;TN03

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