發(fā)布時間：2018-01-02 12:19

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：起重機(jī)電氣控制系統(tǒng)及上車布局優(yōu)化的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 起重機(jī) 變頻器 PLC 智能控制 遺傳算法 布局設(shè)計

【摘要】：近些年,我國在港口碼頭、土木建筑、水利水電等行業(yè)的大型起重機(jī)設(shè)計和制造方面取得了一些成績,但起重機(jī)的技術(shù)性能及行業(yè)的發(fā)展在很大程度上取決于起重機(jī)電氣與控制系統(tǒng)及整體布局方案設(shè)計的創(chuàng)新與提高。采取機(jī)械與電子技術(shù)相結(jié)合,將先進(jìn)的控制技術(shù)、電力電子技術(shù)、計算機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用到機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的智能控制系統(tǒng)和智能優(yōu)化設(shè)計中,實現(xiàn)起重機(jī)的自動化和智能化,是起重機(jī)行業(yè)未來發(fā)展的方向之一。 在起重裝備行業(yè)中,采用PLC-變頻器調(diào)速在近幾年逐漸得到了推廣和普及,用PLC控制取代傳統(tǒng)的繼電-接觸器控制；用變頻調(diào)速取代繞線電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子串電阻調(diào)速；用變頻電動機(jī)或異步電動機(jī)取代繞線電機(jī),再配合先進(jìn)的現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)和可視化人機(jī)接口界面,提高了設(shè)備控制精度和穩(wěn)定性,且節(jié)能、易于檢修維護(hù),成為提高企業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率的良好途徑。此外在起重裝備的整體方案設(shè)計方面,近年來以先進(jìn)的智能算法為基礎(chǔ)的優(yōu)化方案設(shè)計已逐步取代了原有的依靠經(jīng)驗、試算等傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計方法,提高了裝備的整體性能并能順應(yīng)市場需求的快速變化。 本論文以港口碼頭等使用的大型起重機(jī)為工程背景,在其智能電氣控制系統(tǒng)和布局方案設(shè)計兩方面開展研究工作。在智能電氣控制方面,以D50100K12型門座式起重機(jī)為例,重點闡述其電氣控制系統(tǒng)相關(guān)方面的設(shè)計,從原理設(shè)計開始,到各功能的實現(xiàn)、元器件的選型等方面,結(jié)合起重機(jī)的實際需要,并兼顧起重機(jī)的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定,還考慮了實際工作中的經(jīng)濟(jì)性、實用性和可靠性,從而完成了D50100K12型門座式起重機(jī)的電氣控制系統(tǒng)。該起重機(jī)已在大連船舶重工集團(tuán)使用,運行狀況良好。此設(shè)計的經(jīng)驗表明基于變頻器與西門子S7-300可編程邏輯控制器相配合使用,其價格低廉、可靠性和性能價格比較高,使用現(xiàn)場總線后可以使得PLC與變頻器之間的聯(lián)系更為緊密,可以彼此方便地交換大量數(shù)據(jù),從而達(dá)到起重機(jī)的智能化控制目的。在智能布局設(shè)計方面,以QUY150履帶式起重機(jī)為例,論文建立了其上車構(gòu)件布局優(yōu)化的數(shù)學(xué)模型,基于群智能優(yōu)化的策略,將自適應(yīng)和多種群進(jìn)化的思想引入并行遺傳算法,提出一種自適應(yīng)多種群并行遺傳算法AMPGA,并用經(jīng)典的函數(shù)優(yōu)化算例驗證了其可行性和有效性。最后將提出的算法用于求解起重機(jī)上車構(gòu)件的布局優(yōu)化問題中,取得了令人滿意的結(jié)果。 本工作可望對大型起重機(jī)的相關(guān)智能控制和設(shè)計提供啟發(fā)和借鑒,具有一定意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China has made some achievements in the design and manufacture of large cranes in port wharf, civil construction, water conservancy and hydropower industry. However, the technical performance of crane and the development of the industry to a large extent depend on the innovation and improvement of crane electrical and control system and overall layout design. The combination of mechanical and electronic technology is adopted. The advanced control technology, power electronic technology and computer technology are applied to the intelligent control system and intelligent optimization design of electromechanical products to realize the automation and intelligence of crane. Crane industry is one of the future development direction. In the lifting equipment industry, the use of PLC- frequency converter speed control in recent years has gradually been popularized and popularized, using PLC control to replace the traditional relay-contactor control; The speed regulation of rotor series resistance of winding motor is replaced by frequency conversion speed regulation. The frequency conversion motor or asynchronous motor is used to replace the winding motor, and the advanced field bus technology and visual man-machine interface are used to improve the control precision and stability of the equipment, and it is energy saving and easy to overhaul and maintain. It has become a good way to improve the production efficiency of enterprises. In addition, in the whole scheme design of lifting equipment, in recent years, the optimization scheme design based on advanced intelligent algorithm has gradually replaced the original relying experience. Traditional design methods, such as trial calculation, improve the overall performance of equipment and adapt to the rapid changes of market demand. This paper takes the large crane used in port and wharf as the engineering background, carries on the research work in its intelligent electrical control system and the layout scheme design, and in the intelligent electrical control aspect. Taking the D50100K12 gantry crane as an example, this paper focuses on the design of its electrical control system, starting from the principle design, to the realization of various functions, the selection of components and so on. Combined with the actual needs of the crane and the relevant standards and regulations of the crane, the economy, practicability and reliability of the actual work are also considered. Thus the electrical control system of D50100K12 gantry crane has been completed. The crane has been used in Dalian Shipbuilding heavy Industry Group. The experience of this design shows that the inverter can be used in combination with Siemens S7-300 programmable logic controller with low price, high reliability and high performance price. The use of fieldbus can make the connection between PLC and frequency converter closer, and can exchange a lot of data conveniently with each other, so as to achieve the purpose of intelligent control of crane. Taking the QUY150 crawler crane as an example, this paper establishes the mathematical model of the optimization of the bus component layout. Based on the strategy of swarm intelligence optimization, the idea of adaptive and multi-group evolution is introduced into the parallel genetic algorithm. An adaptive multi-population parallel genetic algorithm (AMPGA) is proposed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are verified by a classical function optimization example. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to solve the layout optimization problem of the crane hoist, and satisfactory results are obtained. This work is expected to provide inspiration and reference for the intelligent control and design of large crane.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH21

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