發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-25 06:45

【摘要】：滑動(dòng)軸承是燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)、汽輪機(jī)、齒輪箱等旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械中的重要組成部分,具有工作平穩(wěn)、承載能力高、摩擦系數(shù)低、吸振性好、工作可靠等突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)�，F(xiàn)代工程技術(shù)發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)是加大軸承的承載能力和提高軸承的轉(zhuǎn)速,這就會(huì)造成滑動(dòng)軸承內(nèi)的潤滑油溫度急劇升高,導(dǎo)致潤滑油的粘度降低甚至失去潤滑能力。油氣潤滑在滾動(dòng)軸承、開式齒輪、火車輪緣、鏈條傳動(dòng)等方面的應(yīng)用及研究已經(jīng)證明,油氣潤滑的潤滑冷卻效果好,適用于極端工況和高溫、有污染的工作環(huán)境。但在傳統(tǒng)的滑動(dòng)軸承上,油氣潤滑的應(yīng)用面臨軸承溫升高、換熱效率低等始終沒有克服的難題,沒能體現(xiàn)出在其它領(lǐng)域獲得的優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文以油氣潤滑技術(shù)在滑動(dòng)軸承中的應(yīng)用為研究對(duì)象,針對(duì)現(xiàn)有滑動(dòng)軸承油氣潤滑冷卻效果不理想的問題,對(duì)油氣潤滑輸運(yùn)特性及潤滑技術(shù)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的理論分析和試驗(yàn)研究。論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1.分析了在滑動(dòng)軸承上應(yīng)用油氣潤滑技術(shù)的障礙,確定了油氣潤滑技術(shù)在滑動(dòng)軸承上應(yīng)用的技術(shù)途徑,建立了描述油氣潤滑滑動(dòng)軸承流場(chǎng)以及氣液兩相流模型的數(shù)學(xué)模型。2.試驗(yàn)研究了水平油氣輸送管內(nèi)兩相流的流動(dòng)特性,分析了供油量、氣體體積流量對(duì)管內(nèi)油氣兩相流的流型和壓降的影響,獲得了管內(nèi)流動(dòng)的油氣兩相流壓力損失關(guān)聯(lián)式。通過數(shù)值模擬得到了水平油氣輸送管內(nèi)詳細(xì)的油氣兩相流輸運(yùn)特性,計(jì)算結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)值吻合良好。3.建立了油氣兩相流體噴射冷卻旋轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)熱圓柱體的計(jì)算模型并進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬研究,獲得了圓柱體各個(gè)區(qū)域以及整體平均努賽爾數(shù)隨油氣兩相流噴射距離、射流雷諾數(shù)和圓柱體轉(zhuǎn)速變化的規(guī)律,研究了供氣壓力、噴射距離對(duì)流體噴射速度的影響規(guī)律。4.研究了載荷、轉(zhuǎn)速等因素對(duì)軸瓦溫升的影響和軸承內(nèi)兩相流的溫度場(chǎng)、壓力場(chǎng)分布規(guī)律,對(duì)比分析了油氣潤滑與注油潤滑普通軸瓦平均對(duì)流傳熱系數(shù)隨摩擦功率的變化關(guān)系,得到了不同空氣流量對(duì)油氣潤滑平均對(duì)流傳熱系數(shù)的影響規(guī)律。5.對(duì)軸與部分軸瓦摩擦副進(jìn)行了浸油潤滑與油氣潤滑的對(duì)比試驗(yàn)研究,并以油氣潤滑部分軸瓦試件的溫升和摩擦因數(shù)為判別指標(biāo),進(jìn)行了供油量、供氣量等性能參數(shù)和噴嘴位置、噴嘴類型等結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)潤滑性能影響的試驗(yàn)研究,給出了溫升的主要影響因素。6.進(jìn)行了新型滑動(dòng)軸承油潤滑與油氣潤滑溫升、摩擦力矩、摩擦因數(shù)等靜特性參數(shù)的對(duì)比試驗(yàn)研究,并以溫升、摩擦力矩及摩擦因數(shù)為判別指標(biāo),進(jìn)行了載荷、供油量、供氣量和軸承結(jié)構(gòu)等因素的正交試驗(yàn)研究,獲得了滑動(dòng)軸承油氣潤滑特性的主要影響因素。
[Abstract]:Sliding bearing is an important part of gas turbine, steam turbine, gearbox and other rotating machinery. It has many outstanding advantages, such as stable work, high bearing capacity, low friction coefficient, good vibration absorption and reliable operation. The trend of the development of modern engineering technology is to increase bearing capacity and speed of bearing, which will cause the temperature of lubricating oil in sliding bearing to rise sharply, and the viscosity of lubricating oil will decrease or even lose its lubricating ability. The application and research of oil and gas lubrication in rolling bearing, open gear, train flange and chain drive have proved that the lubricating and cooling effect of oil and gas lubrication is good, suitable for extreme working conditions, high temperature and polluted working environment. However, in the traditional sliding bearing, the application of oil and gas lubrication is faced with the problem that the bearing temperature rises and the heat transfer efficiency is low, which can not reflect the advantages obtained in other fields. This paper takes the application of oil and gas lubrication technology in sliding bearing as the research object, aiming at the problem that the cooling effect of oil and gas lubrication of existing sliding bearing is not ideal, this paper makes a detailed theoretical analysis and experimental study on the oil and gas lubrication transport characteristics and lubrication technology. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1: 1. This paper analyzes the obstacles of applying oil and gas lubrication technology to sliding bearings, determines the technical ways of applying oil and gas lubrication technology to sliding bearings, and establishes a mathematical model .2. which describes the flow field of oil and gas lubricated sliding bearings and the gas-liquid two phase flow model. The flow characteristics of two-phase flow in horizontal oil and gas conveying pipe are studied experimentally. The effects of oil supply and gas volume flow on the flow pattern and pressure drop of the two-phase flow in the pipe are analyzed, and the pressure loss correlation formula of the two-phase flow in the pipe is obtained. Through numerical simulation, the detailed characteristics of oil and gas two-phase flow in horizontal oil and gas pipeline are obtained, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data. In this paper, the computational model of the swirling heating cylinder for injection cooling of oil-gas two-phase fluid is established, and the numerical simulation is carried out. The average Nussel number of each region of the cylinder and the whole Nussel number are obtained with the injection distance of the oil-gas two-phase flow. The variation of jet Reynolds number and cylinder speed is studied. The influence of gas supply pressure and injection distance on the jet velocity is studied. The influence of load and rotational speed on the temperature rise of bearing and the distribution of temperature field and pressure field of two-phase flow in bearing are studied. The relationship between the average convection heat transfer coefficient of oil and gas lubrication and oil injection lubrication with friction power is compared and analyzed. The influence of different air flow rate on the average convection heat transfer coefficient of oil and gas lubrication is obtained. In this paper, a comparative test of oil-immersed lubrication and oil-gas lubrication is carried out on the friction pairs of shaft and partial bearing. Based on the temperature rise and friction coefficient of oil and gas lubricating parts, the performance parameters such as oil supply, gas supply and nozzle position are carried out. The influence of nozzle type and other structural parameters on lubricating performance is studied. The main influencing factors of temperature rise are given. A comparative experimental study on the static characteristic parameters, such as temperature rise, friction torque, friction coefficient of new type sliding bearing oil lubrication and oil and gas lubrication, has been carried out, and the load and fuel supply have been carried out with temperature rise, friction moment and friction coefficient as the discriminant index. The main influencing factors of oil and gas lubrication characteristics of sliding bearings were obtained by orthogonal test of air supply and bearing structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TH133.31

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