發(fā)布時間：2018-08-06 12:24

【摘要】：液壓傳動作為機電液一體化技術的重要組成部分，由于其具有諸多獨特的優(yōu)點而被廣泛應用。然而，液壓傳動自身存在的一些缺點也限制了該項技術的發(fā)展。其中，液壓系統(tǒng)的壓力脈動就是一個亟待解決的技術難題。 液壓系統(tǒng)壓力脈動的原因多種多樣，其中液壓泵的輸出流量脈動是液壓系統(tǒng)壓力脈動的源頭，是引起液壓系統(tǒng)壓力脈動的根本原因。 本課題從液壓系統(tǒng)壓力脈動的源頭——液壓泵的輸出流量脈動入手，研究尋找適當?shù)姆椒ê痛胧�，通過降低或消除液壓泵的輸出流量脈動來控制液壓系統(tǒng)的壓力脈動。 首先，從兩種常見液壓泵——斜盤式軸向柱塞泵和內嚙合齒輪泵的原理和結構入手，分別分析了這兩種液壓泵的理論輸出流量規(guī)律、加工和裝配誤差影響下的內泄漏規(guī)律，并結合這兩者的規(guī)律，分析了液壓泵的實際輸出流量脈動規(guī)律。 其次，討論了測量液壓泵實際輸出流量脈動規(guī)律的實驗原理和方法，設計并搭建了液壓泵輸出流量脈動規(guī)律測量裝置，對兩種具體型號的斜盤式軸向柱塞泵和內嚙合齒輪泵完成了實際輸出流量脈動的測試實驗，并對實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行整理和分析，，得到了液壓泵輸出流量脈動的真實規(guī)律。 再次，根據(jù)實驗測得的液壓泵輸出流量脈動規(guī)律特點，提出了兩種降低液壓泵輸出流量脈動的具體措施： （1）液壓泵錯相位并聯(lián)降脈動法。該方法通過將兩個型號參數(shù)相同的液壓泵的輸出流量脈動錯開180度的相位角，使兩個泵輸出流量脈動的波峰和波谷疊加，可以有效降低流量脈動和壓力脈動。 （2）液壓泵壓力閉環(huán)伺服控制降脈動法。該方法使用伺服電機驅動液壓泵，通過壓力傳感器反饋系統(tǒng)壓力與伺服電機構成閉環(huán)控制，采用數(shù)字PID算法，實時調節(jié)液壓泵的轉速，從而達到穩(wěn)定液壓泵輸出流量和壓力的目的。由于伺服電機的最高速度響應頻率有限，因此使用該方法降低液壓泵的輸出流量和壓力脈動對于較低的轉速范圍效果比較理想，而這恰好能彌補液壓泵低速運行時流量脈動加劇、性能下降的缺陷，增大了液壓泵工作轉速的可用范圍。 提出了降低液壓泵輸出流量脈動的具體措施以后，討論了這些降脈動措施的實施方案，并設計完成了相應的軟、硬件系統(tǒng)，針對具體型號的液壓泵進行了降脈動效果驗證的實驗，結果表明這兩種降脈動措施是有效的、可行的。 最后，將所提出的兩種降低液壓泵輸出流量脈動的措施相結合，應用到某型號液壓式萬能試驗機上，得到了良好的應用效果。 本課題提出了降低液壓泵輸出流量脈動的具體措施，并將其應用到實際生產生活當中，拓寬了液壓泵的使用范圍，為解決液壓系統(tǒng)壓力脈動問題提供了新的思路、做出了新的嘗試。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic transmission, as an important part of electrohydraulic integration technology, has been widely used because of its many unique advantages. However, some shortcomings of hydraulic transmission itself also limit the development of this technology. Among them, pressure fluctuation of hydraulic system is a technical problem to be solved urgently. There are many reasons for pressure pulsation in hydraulic system, among which the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump is the source of pressure pulsation in hydraulic system and the fundamental cause of pressure pulsation in hydraulic system. Starting from the source of pressure pulsation in hydraulic system, the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump, this paper studies the appropriate methods and measures to control the pressure pulsation of hydraulic system by reducing or eliminating the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump. First of all, starting with the principle and structure of two common hydraulic pumps, the oblique disc axial piston pump and the internal gear pump, the theoretical output flow law of the two hydraulic pumps and the internal leakage law under the influence of machining and assembly errors are analyzed respectively. Combined with these two laws, the actual output flow pulsation law of hydraulic pump is analyzed. Secondly, the experimental principle and method of measuring the flow pulsation law of the hydraulic pump are discussed, and the measuring device of the output flow pulsation law of the hydraulic pump is designed and built. Two kinds of oblique disc axial piston pump and internal gear pump have been tested and tested on the actual output flow pulsation. The experimental data have been sorted out and analyzed, and the true law of the hydraulic pump output flow pulsation has been obtained. Thirdly, according to the characteristics of the hydraulic pump output flow pulsation, two specific measures to reduce the hydraulic pump output flow pulsation are put forward: (1) the hydraulic pump staggered phase parallel pulsation method. In this method, the output flow pulsation of two hydraulic pumps with the same parameters is staggered at a phase angle of 180 degrees, so that the wave peaks and troughs of the two pumps output flow pulsation are superposed. Flow pulsation and pressure pulsation can be effectively reduced. (2) hydraulic pump pressure closed loop servo control pulsating method. In this method, servo motor is used to drive hydraulic pump, pressure sensor feedback system and servo motor constitute closed loop control, and digital PID algorithm is used to adjust the speed of hydraulic pump in real time. Thus, the output flow and pressure of hydraulic pump can be stabilized. Because the maximum speed response frequency of servo motor is limited, it is ideal to use this method to reduce the output flow rate and pressure pulsation of hydraulic pump for lower speed range. This can make up for the defects of the increase of flow pulsation and the deterioration of performance when the hydraulic pump is running at low speed, which increases the available range of the hydraulic pump's working speed. After putting forward the concrete measures to reduce the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump, the implementation schemes of these measures are discussed, and the corresponding software and hardware systems are designed and completed. The results show that these two measures are effective and feasible. Finally, the two measures proposed to reduce the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump are combined and applied to a certain type of hydraulic universal testing machine, and good application results are obtained. This paper puts forward the concrete measures to reduce the output flow pulsation of hydraulic pump, and applies it to the actual production and life, widens the scope of application of hydraulic pump, and provides a new way of thinking for solving the pressure pulsation problem of hydraulic system. A new attempt was made.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH137.51

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本文編號：2167721