發(fā)布時間：2018-06-01 03:45

  本文選題：光纖傳感 + 振動檢測�。� 參考：《太原理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：分布式光纖傳感技術(shù)具有長距離、耐腐蝕、抗電磁干擾等優(yōu)點,被廣泛應用于周界安防、管道監(jiān)測、橋梁建筑、大壩防護等領域,主要測量對象包括有振動、溫度、應力等。其中振動測量在許多領域中都有廣泛的應用需求,如在周界安防中,通常采用人工巡邏或者電子攝像頭的方式,對外界入侵行為進行預判。然而,隨著周界安防距離的增加,傳統(tǒng)的檢測手段所耗費的人力成本將顯著提高,因此迫切需要一種可滿足長距離周界安防預警的振動檢測系統(tǒng)。此外管道輸送領域中,所需的輸送管道動輒可達成百上千公里,并且管道埋藏在距離地表數(shù)米的地下,距離的增加和地下的鋪設方式使得人工巡檢存在成本高、效率低以及可靠性差等弊端。分布式光纖振動檢測技術(shù)則因其具備價格低、效率高、性能好等眾多優(yōu)點,已成為長距離安全監(jiān)測的首選方案,顯著節(jié)省了人工成本并提高了檢測效率。本文設計了一種基于直線型Sagnac的分布式光纖振動檢測定位系統(tǒng),通過光纖實現(xiàn)對振動信號的感知、采集和顯示,設計了用于振動模擬的嵌入式相位調(diào)制模塊,并開發(fā)了LabVIEW上位機檢測軟件,實現(xiàn)對振動信號的實時檢測與顯示。同時借助振動信號頻譜中的多級零頻點特性,提出了一種用于系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化的多級零頻點定位算法。本文主要進行了以下方面的研究:(1)研究直線型Sagnac分布式光纖振動檢測定位系統(tǒng)的傳感機理,建立外界振動信號檢測的理論模型。(2)搭建直線型Sagnac分布式光纖振動檢測定位系統(tǒng),分析振動檢測方法與定位原理。(3)針對傳統(tǒng)振動激勵方法所存在的問題,將嵌入式技術(shù)與壓電陶瓷技術(shù)相結(jié)合,設計出一種用于振動模擬的嵌入式相位調(diào)制模塊,實現(xiàn)對傳感系統(tǒng)的調(diào)試與標定。(4)設計出LabVIEW上位機數(shù)據(jù)采集軟件,選擇高速數(shù)據(jù)采集卡,設計采集卡底層驅(qū)動和用戶操作界面,實現(xiàn)對振動信號的實時采集。(5)分析傳統(tǒng)直線型Sagnac振動傳感系統(tǒng)的定位理論及算法,針對傳統(tǒng)定位算法誤差較大的問題,提出將多級零頻點用于定位的優(yōu)化方法,并通過實驗驗證得出,合理使用多級零頻點能夠提升系統(tǒng)的定位精度�；�于直線型Sagnac的分布式光纖振動檢測定位系統(tǒng),以光纖傳感技術(shù)為基礎,能夠?qū)崟r觀察到整個傳感鏈路中的振動狀況,從而提升振動檢測的自動化水平,并可在各類復雜環(huán)境下的長距離振動檢測領域進行推廣。
[Abstract]:Distributed optical fiber sensing technology has many advantages such as long distance, corrosion resistance, electromagnetic interference resistance and so on. It is widely used in perimeter security, pipeline monitoring, bridge building, dam protection and so on. The main measurement objects include vibration, temperature, stress and so on. Vibration measurement is widely used in many fields, for example, in perimeter security, manual patrol or electronic camera is usually used to pre-judge the intrusion behavior of the outside world. However, with the increase of perimeter security distance, the cost of traditional detection methods will increase significantly. Therefore, a vibration detection system is urgently needed to meet the long range perimeter security warning. In addition, in the field of pipeline transportation, the required transportation pipeline can easily reach hundreds of kilometers, and the pipeline is buried several meters underground from the surface of the earth. The increase of distance and the way of laying underground make the cost of manual inspection high. Low efficiency and poor reliability and other drawbacks. Because of its advantages of low price, high efficiency and good performance, distributed optical fiber vibration detection technology has become the first choice for long distance safety monitoring, which has significantly saved labor cost and improved detection efficiency. In this paper, a distributed optical fiber vibration detection and positioning system based on linear Sagnac is designed. The sensing, collecting and displaying of the vibration signal are realized through the optical fiber, and the embedded phase modulation module is designed for vibration simulation. The software of LabVIEW upper computer is developed to detect and display vibration signal in real time. At the same time, a multi-level zero-frequency location algorithm for system optimization is proposed by virtue of the multi-level zero frequency point characteristics in the vibration signal spectrum. This paper mainly studies the following aspects: 1) study the sensing mechanism of linear Sagnac distributed optical fiber vibration detection and positioning system, and establish the theoretical model of external vibration signal detection. Build a linear Sagnac distributed optical fiber vibration detection and positioning system. This paper analyzes the vibration detection method and positioning principle. (3) aiming at the problems existing in the traditional vibration excitation method, an embedded phase modulation module for vibration simulation is designed by combining the embedded technology with the piezoelectric ceramic technology. To realize the debugging and calibration of the sensing system. (4) to design the data acquisition software of the LabVIEW upper computer, select the high-speed data acquisition card, design the bottom driver and user interface of the data acquisition card. The localization theory and algorithm of the traditional linear Sagnac vibration sensing system are analyzed. Aiming at the problem that the error of the traditional positioning algorithm is large, the optimization method of using multi-stage zero frequency to locate the vibration signal is put forward. The experimental results show that reasonable use of multi-level zero-frequency points can improve the positioning accuracy of the system. The distributed optical fiber vibration detection and positioning system based on linear Sagnac, based on the optical fiber sensing technology, can observe the vibration status of the whole sensing link in real time, thus improving the automatic level of vibration detection. It can be popularized in the field of long distance vibration detection in various complex environments.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212;TH825

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