發(fā)布時間：2018-03-10 02:28

  本文選題：戶籍制度　切入點：制度變遷　出處：《華南師范大學》2003年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 1949年后的中國戶籍制度作為一種社會經(jīng)濟制度，是與高度集中統(tǒng)一的計劃經(jīng)濟體制相吻合的輔助性的重要制度。從經(jīng)濟學角度講，所有的制度安排與制度調(diào)整都可以解釋為起源于利益的沖突，以及人們要把利益沖突改變?yōu)槔�益協(xié)調(diào)、權(quán)責對稱的努力。戶籍制度正是一項重要的利益和權(quán)力安排。由于它既欠公平又缺效率，所以，幾十年來特別是改革開放后，戶籍制度發(fā)生了很大程度的變遷，并且逐漸與國際上的人口登記和管理制度接軌，，朝著恢復(fù)人口統(tǒng)計和管理的原始功能方向發(fā)展。國內(nèi)對戶籍制度的研究始于八十年代，已引起學術(shù)界的廣泛關(guān)注。 本文以理性“經(jīng)濟人”作為理論假設(shè)，運用制度變遷的有關(guān)理論，采用理論研究和實證分析相結(jié)合、靜態(tài)分析與動態(tài)分析相結(jié)合的分析方法、成本-收益分析法及博弈論，以1949年后的戶籍制度法規(guī)條例和政策案例及其相關(guān)理論研究為研究基礎(chǔ)，以1949年后的中國戶籍制度作為研究對象，描述了中國當代戶籍制度的核心特征——等級性、地域性和身份世襲性。另外，也描述了戶籍制度形成、完備和弱化的整個變遷過程特征：強制性變遷為主但逐漸弱化，誘致性變遷為輔但逐漸強化；總體上具漸進性：局部上具違憲性、政策性、階段性和地方性；與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。 本文重點分析了中國戶籍制度變遷的主客觀機制。從宏觀層面上說，傳統(tǒng)文化與制度安排、國內(nèi)外經(jīng)濟政治社會因素是影響戶籍制度變遷的客觀基礎(chǔ)，他們在不同時期不同條件的單獨變化和相互作用影響著戶籍制度變遷的路徑、方向和速度，而具有不同路徑、方向和速度的戶籍制度變遷反過來也影響著文化與其它制度安排、國內(nèi)外政治經(jīng)濟的變遷。從微觀層面上說，政府、企業(yè)、城鄉(xiāng)居民等經(jīng)濟主體在特定的約束條件下，針對自身在戶籍制度變遷中的成本-收益預(yù)期，依據(jù)“自我效用最大化”的目標函數(shù)，估計相互間力量對比做出“理性”選擇的過程，即各經(jīng)濟主體在長期互動博弈中追求均衡——利益協(xié)調(diào)、權(quán)責對稱的過程中，推動了戶籍制度的變遷。 總而言之，是主客觀因素的互動決定了中國戶籍制度變遷的路徑、方向和速度；同時也揭示了戶籍制度發(fā)生較大變遷的根源和變遷困難所在——變遷步履緩慢，至今仍保持其傳統(tǒng)核心特征的原因所在。 基于以上分析，為了解決戶籍制度變遷中存在的問題，本文提出了相關(guān)對策：堅持良法治國，遵守憲法“普適性”，讓法理念融入民情；讓市場調(diào)節(jié)流動和遷徙，使流動和遷徙決策權(quán)歸屬公民；成立人口管理委員會事務(wù)性機構(gòu)，讓戶籍管理與公安部門脫鉤；堅持城鄉(xiāng)、地區(qū)經(jīng)濟協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，使戶籍制度變遷走向均衡；取消城鎮(zhèn)教育特權(quán)，在農(nóng)村發(fā)展職業(yè)技能教育和真正普及義務(wù)教育；推動租房產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展；完善《工會法》，促進各行業(yè)工會和企業(yè)內(nèi)部工會的成長壯大。
[Abstract]:China household registration system after 1949 as a kind of social economic system, is an important auxiliary system is consistent with the highly centralized planned economy system. From the perspective of economics, institutional arrangement and adjustment of all originate from conflict of interests, and people to the conflict of interests coordination and the household registration system responsibilities symmetrical efforts. It is an important arrangement of interests and powers. Because it is unfair and lack of efficiency, so for decades, especially after the reform and opening up, changed greatly in the household registration system, and gradually integrate with the population registration and management system in the world, towards the original recovery of population statistics and management function of the direction of development. The domestic research on the household registration system began in 80s, has aroused widespread concern in academic circles.
In this paper, the rational "economic man" as the theoretical hypothesis, using the theory of institutional change, the combination of theory study and empirical analysis, analysis method of static analysis and dynamic analysis of the combination, the method of cost-benefit analysis and game theory, to research the household registration system after the 1949 law rules and policy cases and related theories as the case based on the household registration system to Chinese after 1949 as the research object, describes the core features of China contemporary household registration system - level, regional identity and hereditary. In addition, it describes the characteristics of the household registration system, complete change process and weaken: mandatory changes but gradually weakened, but the inductive change gradually strengthened; on the whole with progressive local with unconstitutional, policy, stage and local; closely related to economic development.
This paper focuses on the analysis of China system change of subjective and objective mechanism. From the macro level, traditional culture and institutional arrangement, domestic and international economic and political factors affect the objective basis of the development of household registration system, they separate in different periods and different conditions of the interaction affect the path of the change of household registration system, direction and velocity. Which has a different path, change the direction and speed of the household registration system, which in turn influences culture and other institutional arrangements, changes in domestic and international political economy. From the micro level, the government, enterprises, urban and rural residents and other economic entities in special circumstances, according to their own in the household registration system change in the cost - income expected on the basis of the "self utility maximization" objective function, estimation of mutual forces make "rational" choice, namely various economic entities in the long-term interactive game in the chase The change of the household registration system has been promoted in the process of balance of balance, coordination of interests and symmetry of power and responsibility.
In short, the path is the interaction between objective and subjective factors determine Chinese system change, speed and direction; but also reveals the origin and changes of the household registration system difficult big change is change slowly, why still maintain its traditional core characteristics.
Based on the above analysis, in order to solve the existing problems in the development of household registration system, this paper puts forward some relevant countermeasures: adhere to the law, abide by the constitution of "universal", let the traditional features; let the market regulate flow and migration, the mobility and migration decision right of citizens; the establishment of population management committee affairs organization, so that the household registration management and public security departments decoupling; adhere to the urban and rural areas, coordinated development of regional economy, the change of household registration system to cancel the balance; the urban education privilege in the development of rural education and occupation skills to popularize education; promote the housing industry development; improve the "labor law", to promote the industry and trade union of enterprise trade unions to grow.

【學位授予單位】：華南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2003
【分類號】：D631.42

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前2條

1 楊麗萍;從非單位到單位[D];華東師范大學;2006年

2 王文錄;人口城鎮(zhèn)化背景下的戶籍制度變遷研究[D];吉林大學;2010年

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前10條

1 林潤;現(xiàn)行戶籍制度及“附加值”的研究[D];華東師范大學;2010年

2 劉薈;農(nóng)轉(zhuǎn)非[D];華中師范大學;2011年

3 萬青;農(nóng)村大學畢業(yè)生戶籍流轉(zhuǎn)問題的調(diào)查報告[D];蘭州大學;2011年

4 趙學宋;我國戶籍制度改革的法學思考[D];黑龍江大學;2010年

5 湯麗麗;深化我國城鎮(zhèn)戶籍制度改革的政策性研究[D];華東師范大學;2007年

6 何水紅;醫(yī)療收費制度變遷中的利益博弈分析[D];華中師范大學;2007年

7 劉飛鵬;解決我國失業(yè)問題的根本途徑[D];西北大學;2008年

8 張冬蘋;基本公共服務(wù)均等化視角下的我國戶籍制度改革[D];海南大學;2010年

9 張瑩;我國戶籍制度的功能及其變遷研究[D];中央民族大學;2010年

10 韓陽環(huán);論改革開放以來中國戶籍制度的演變[D];湖南師范大學;2012年

本文編號：1591380