發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-02 20:49

  本文選題：城市弱勢(shì)群體　切入點(diǎn)：犯罪被害　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： “城市弱勢(shì)群體”是指生活在城市中,在經(jīng)濟(jì)上和政治上處于相對(duì)弱勢(shì)的人群。城市弱勢(shì)群體的弱勢(shì)地位使得其犯罪被害問題顯得比較突出,直接影響到了社會(huì)的和諧與穩(wěn)定,因此研究此問題既有理論意義,也有實(shí)踐意義。 就理論意義而言,西方學(xué)者對(duì)犯罪被害所做的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示弱勢(shì)群體更易遭受犯罪侵害①,那么在我國(guó)是否同樣存在這一問題呢?為了檢驗(yàn)這一理論觀點(diǎn),我們進(jìn)行了實(shí)證調(diào)查。調(diào)查和分析的結(jié)果印證了其正確性。 就實(shí)踐意義而言,以往犯罪學(xué)研究對(duì)“犯罪——被害”的分析往往注重犯罪微觀的、具體的過程,對(duì)“犯罪——被害”的宏觀社會(huì)背景分析不足,為此在收集數(shù)據(jù),描述現(xiàn)象的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)城市弱勢(shì)群體犯罪被害的原因進(jìn)行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)城市弱勢(shì)群體遭受犯罪侵害的原因既有社會(huì)因素,也有個(gè)體因素。社會(huì)因素(國(guó)家、社會(huì)支持系統(tǒng)、強(qiáng)勢(shì)群體三類主體)包括國(guó)家權(quán)力運(yùn)行重心失衡、社會(huì)支持系統(tǒng)不健全、強(qiáng)勢(shì)群體競(jìng)爭(zhēng)限制等三個(gè)層面的內(nèi)容。個(gè)體因素主要在于城市弱勢(shì)群體在權(quán)利意識(shí)、防范意識(shí)和職業(yè)素質(zhì)方面的不足。 針對(duì)城市弱勢(shì)群體遭受犯罪侵害的原因,相應(yīng)地使之免遭犯罪侵害的對(duì)策應(yīng)當(dāng)從社會(huì)和個(gè)體兩個(gè)方面做出努力。在社會(huì)因素方面,主要是調(diào)整國(guó)家權(quán)力運(yùn)作重心、重新平衡公正與效率之間的關(guān)系、努力落實(shí)各項(xiàng)社會(huì)福利政策、重視社區(qū)對(duì)預(yù)防被害的積極作用;社會(huì)支持體統(tǒng)要更多地關(guān)注城市弱勢(shì)群體,在就業(yè)渠道上給予幫助;強(qiáng)勢(shì)群體應(yīng)當(dāng)采用溫和的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)手段、尊重弱勢(shì)群體。個(gè)人因素方面,既要加強(qiáng)權(quán)利意識(shí)和防范意識(shí);又要努力提高自身的職業(yè)素質(zhì),從根本上扭轉(zhuǎn)易于被害的局面。 總之,希望能夠通過國(guó)家權(quán)力、社會(huì)支持系統(tǒng)、強(qiáng)勢(shì)群體、城市弱勢(shì)群體個(gè)人四方面的綜合治理,最終達(dá)到減少城市弱勢(shì)群體遭受犯罪侵害的目的。
[Abstract]:The "urban vulnerable group" refers to the relatively weak group living in the city, economically and politically.The vulnerable position of the vulnerable groups in cities makes the problem of crime and victimization more prominent, which directly affects the harmony and stability of the society. Therefore, the study of this problem has both theoretical and practical significance.From the theoretical point of view, the survey results of western scholars on the crime victims show that the vulnerable groups are more vulnerable to crime, so is there the same problem in our country?In order to test this theoretical point of view, we conducted an empirical investigation.The results of investigation and analysis confirm its correctness.In terms of practical significance, the analysis of "crime-victimization" in the past criminology research often pays attention to the microscopic and concrete process of crime, and the macro-social background analysis of "crime-victimization" is insufficient, so it is collecting data.Based on the description of the phenomenon, this paper analyzes the causes of the crime and victimization of the urban vulnerable groups, and finds that there are both social and individual factors for the crime of the urban vulnerable groups.Social factors (the state, the social support system and the strong group) include three aspects: the imbalance of the center of gravity of the state power operation, the unsound social support system, and the competitive restriction of the strong group.The individual factor mainly lies in the deficiency of the right consciousness, guard consciousness and professional quality of the vulnerable groups in the city.In view of the causes of the crime against the vulnerable groups in cities, the corresponding countermeasures should be made from the social and individual aspects.In terms of social factors, it is mainly to adjust the focus of the operation of state power, rebalance the relationship between justice and efficiency, strive to implement various social welfare policies, and attach importance to the positive role of the community in the prevention of victimization.The social support system should pay more attention to the urban vulnerable groups and give help in employment channels; the strong groups should adopt moderate competitive means and respect the vulnerable groups.In terms of personal factors, we should not only strengthen the consciousness of right and prevention, but also strive to improve our own professional quality so as to fundamentally reverse the situation that is easy to be killed.In a word, it is hoped that through the comprehensive management of the state power, the social support system, the strong group and the individual of the urban vulnerable group, the purpose of reducing the crime against the urban vulnerable group will be achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D917

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本文編號(hào)：1702046