論馬歇爾計(jì)劃對(duì)美國(guó)的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-30 20:47
【摘要】： 馬歇爾計(jì)劃,即歐洲復(fù)興計(jì)劃,是在二戰(zhàn)后西歐的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治狀況極端惡化,美國(guó)自身面臨著嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)困境的形勢(shì)下提出來(lái)的。它的實(shí)施對(duì)美國(guó)產(chǎn)生了一系列影響:經(jīng)濟(jì)上,通過(guò)向西歐輸出過(guò)剩資本和商品,美國(guó)避免了由戰(zhàn)時(shí)繁榮轉(zhuǎn)向戰(zhàn)后危機(jī),但也通過(guò)復(fù)興西歐客觀上為自己培養(yǎng)了一個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手;政治上,美國(guó)通過(guò)向西歐提供經(jīng)濟(jì)援助,穩(wěn)定了西歐的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的統(tǒng)治,從而維護(hù)了以美國(guó)為首的資本主義體系,確立了美國(guó)在資本主義世界的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位;同時(shí),馬歇爾計(jì)劃的實(shí)施還消除了共產(chǎn)主義在西歐的擴(kuò)展,促進(jìn)了西歐的聯(lián)合與統(tǒng)一,這就大大增強(qiáng)了美國(guó)對(duì)抗蘇聯(lián)的戰(zhàn)略力量,為美國(guó)戰(zhàn)后稱霸全球奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 馬歇爾計(jì)劃是美國(guó)戰(zhàn)后稱霸全球計(jì)劃的一個(gè)重要組成部分,在二戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)的外交戰(zhàn)略中占有重要的地位。通過(guò)對(duì)西歐各國(guó)的援助,美國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)這些國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張,使得西歐受援國(guó)變得依賴于美國(guó),不可能作出自己的獨(dú)立選擇。援助雖然對(duì)西歐經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)興起到了重要的作用,但美國(guó)將援助視為實(shí)現(xiàn)其外交政策的手段,強(qiáng)迫受援國(guó)接受了一些有利于美國(guó)的條件,使美國(guó)從中獲得了巨大利益。近年來(lái),馬歇爾計(jì)劃引起了學(xué)者較為廣泛的關(guān)注,發(fā)表了對(duì)于該計(jì)劃研究的大量的論文,許多著作中也多有提及。對(duì)于馬歇爾計(jì)劃實(shí)施的結(jié)果和影響,學(xué)者們關(guān)注的主要是它對(duì)恢復(fù)歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)和促進(jìn)西歐經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化所起的作用�？偟膩�(lái)說(shuō),這些觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,馬歇爾計(jì)劃恢復(fù)和發(fā)展了歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì),穩(wěn)定了歐洲社會(huì)秩序,促進(jìn)了西歐國(guó)家壟斷資本主義的發(fā)展,客觀上促進(jìn)了西歐的一體化進(jìn)程。但也有觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為馬歇爾計(jì)劃加速了歐洲的分裂。而對(duì)于提出馬歇爾計(jì)劃的美國(guó)而言,該計(jì)劃究竟給其帶來(lái)了怎樣的影響,卻為國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者所忽視。雖有論述,但多為零星提及,缺少系統(tǒng)的論述。 本文從歷史唯物主義和辯證唯物主義理論和觀點(diǎn)出發(fā),擬就馬歇爾計(jì)劃在戰(zhàn)后初期對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、全球霸權(quán)等方面產(chǎn)生的影響進(jìn)行分析、歸納,客觀公正地評(píng)論該計(jì)劃給美國(guó)帶來(lái)的結(jié)果和影響,指出馬歇爾計(jì)劃在戰(zhàn)后初期刺激了美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,確立了美國(guó)在資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)世界的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位,但也導(dǎo)致了歐美之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)矛盾;政治上,馬歇爾計(jì)劃加速了美蘇之間的冷戰(zhàn),使美國(guó)處于有利的地位;馬歇爾計(jì)劃還促進(jìn)了歐美聯(lián)合并建立了戰(zhàn)略同盟,確立了美國(guó)的霸主地位。本文旨在從另一方面來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)馬歇爾計(jì)劃以及美國(guó)通過(guò)援助所推行的外交政策,希望能對(duì)美國(guó)外交政策的研究提供借鑒。
[Abstract]:The Marshall Plan, the European Renaissance Plan, was put forward in the aftermath of World War II, when the economic and political situation in Western Europe deteriorated extremely, and the United States itself faced serious economic difficulties. Its implementation had a series of effects on the United States: economically, by exporting surplus capital and commodities to Western Europe, the United States avoided the transition from wartime prosperity to postwar crisis, but also cultivated a competitor objectively for itself through the revival of Western Europe; Politically, by providing economic assistance to Western Europe, the United States stabilized the bourgeois rule in Western Europe, thus maintaining the capitalist system headed by the United States and establishing the leading position of the United States in the capitalist world. At the same time, the implementation of Marshall Plan also eliminated the expansion of communism in Western Europe, promoted the unity and unity of Western Europe, which greatly strengthened the strategic strength of the United States against the Soviet Union, and laid the foundation for the United States to dominate the world after the war. The Marshall Plan is an important part of the global plan for American hegemony after World War II and plays an important role in American diplomatic strategy after World War II. Through the aid to the western European countries, the United States has realized the economic expansion to these countries, which makes the Western European recipient countries become dependent on the United States and can not make their own independent choice. Although aid has played an important role in the economic revival of Western Europe, the United States regards aid as a means to realize its foreign policy, forcing the recipient countries to accept some favorable conditions for the United States, and making the United States obtain great benefits from it. In recent years, the Marshall Plan has attracted extensive attention of scholars, published a large number of papers on the plan, many works have also been mentioned. For the results and effects of the Marshall Plan, scholars mainly focus on its role in restoring the European economy and promoting economic integration in Western Europe. In general, the Marshall Plan has restored and developed the European economy, stabilized the European social order, promoted the development of monopoly capitalism in Western European countries, and objectively promoted the process of integration in Western Europe. But there are also views that the Marshall Plan accelerated the division of Europe. However, for the United States which put forward the Marshall Plan, the impact of the Marshall Plan has been ignored by domestic scholars. Although there is a discussion, but mostly for sporadic mention, lack of systematic discussion. Based on the theories and viewpoints of historical materialism and dialectical materialism, this paper analyzes and summarizes the influence of Marshall Plan on American economy, politics and global hegemony in the early postwar period. Objectively and fairly commenting on the results and effects of the plan on the United States, pointing out that the Marshall Plan stimulated the economic development of the United States in the early post-war period and established the leading position of the United States in the capitalist economic world. But it also leads to the economic contradiction between Europe and America; Politically, the Marshall Plan accelerated the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and put the United States in a favorable position. The purpose of this paper is to understand the Marshall Plan and the foreign policy pursued by the United States through aid on the other hand, in the hope that it can be used for reference in the study of American foreign policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K712.5
本文編號(hào)：2301138
[Abstract]:The Marshall Plan, the European Renaissance Plan, was put forward in the aftermath of World War II, when the economic and political situation in Western Europe deteriorated extremely, and the United States itself faced serious economic difficulties. Its implementation had a series of effects on the United States: economically, by exporting surplus capital and commodities to Western Europe, the United States avoided the transition from wartime prosperity to postwar crisis, but also cultivated a competitor objectively for itself through the revival of Western Europe; Politically, by providing economic assistance to Western Europe, the United States stabilized the bourgeois rule in Western Europe, thus maintaining the capitalist system headed by the United States and establishing the leading position of the United States in the capitalist world. At the same time, the implementation of Marshall Plan also eliminated the expansion of communism in Western Europe, promoted the unity and unity of Western Europe, which greatly strengthened the strategic strength of the United States against the Soviet Union, and laid the foundation for the United States to dominate the world after the war. The Marshall Plan is an important part of the global plan for American hegemony after World War II and plays an important role in American diplomatic strategy after World War II. Through the aid to the western European countries, the United States has realized the economic expansion to these countries, which makes the Western European recipient countries become dependent on the United States and can not make their own independent choice. Although aid has played an important role in the economic revival of Western Europe, the United States regards aid as a means to realize its foreign policy, forcing the recipient countries to accept some favorable conditions for the United States, and making the United States obtain great benefits from it. In recent years, the Marshall Plan has attracted extensive attention of scholars, published a large number of papers on the plan, many works have also been mentioned. For the results and effects of the Marshall Plan, scholars mainly focus on its role in restoring the European economy and promoting economic integration in Western Europe. In general, the Marshall Plan has restored and developed the European economy, stabilized the European social order, promoted the development of monopoly capitalism in Western European countries, and objectively promoted the process of integration in Western Europe. But there are also views that the Marshall Plan accelerated the division of Europe. However, for the United States which put forward the Marshall Plan, the impact of the Marshall Plan has been ignored by domestic scholars. Although there is a discussion, but mostly for sporadic mention, lack of systematic discussion. Based on the theories and viewpoints of historical materialism and dialectical materialism, this paper analyzes and summarizes the influence of Marshall Plan on American economy, politics and global hegemony in the early postwar period. Objectively and fairly commenting on the results and effects of the plan on the United States, pointing out that the Marshall Plan stimulated the economic development of the United States in the early post-war period and established the leading position of the United States in the capitalist economic world. But it also leads to the economic contradiction between Europe and America; Politically, the Marshall Plan accelerated the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and put the United States in a favorable position. The purpose of this paper is to understand the Marshall Plan and the foreign policy pursued by the United States through aid on the other hand, in the hope that it can be used for reference in the study of American foreign policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K712.5
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 夏咸軍;美國(guó)對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助[D];上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院;2011年
，本文編號(hào)：2301138
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