從“四夷”到“外國(guó)”:正史周邊敘事的模式演變
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-13 21:20
【摘要】：本文考察了漢至元時(shí)代正史中有關(guān)周邊、域外的敘事結(jié)構(gòu),認(rèn)為漢唐時(shí)期逐漸形成了官修正史中周邊敘事的范式("四夷模式"):在全書(shū)列傳部分呈現(xiàn)"先諸傳次夷狄"的格局下,以"四夷傳"、"夷狄傳"為列傳類目名,按照東夷—西戎—南蠻—北狄的順次進(jìn)行敘述。這種敘事結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)際上是思維世界中"世界秩序"在史書(shū)中的投射。需要注意的是,在"外國(guó)傳"成為正史中的列傳名之前,漢唐時(shí)期的僧人常常將其用作有關(guān)南亞的中外交通史籍名稱,其依據(jù)可能是當(dāng)時(shí)流行于南亞的"三/四天子"說(shuō)等,體現(xiàn)出與官方意志不同的思想源流。到元代史官修宋、遼、金三史時(shí),將前代正史中"四夷傳"、"夷狄傳"等有關(guān)域外記載的列傳名稱改以"外國(guó)傳",并從內(nèi)容與結(jié)構(gòu)上有意識(shí)地區(qū)分出不同性質(zhì)的周邊,由此在正史中開(kāi)始表現(xiàn)出另一種對(duì)世界的觀察,也深刻地影響了正史周邊敘事的體例。
[Abstract]:This paper examines the narrative structure of the periphery and the outside in the official history of the Han and Yuan dynasties, and thinks that the Han and Tang dynasties gradually formed the paradigm of the peripheral narration in the history of official correction ("the four Yi modes"): under the pattern of "passing on the second Yi Di" in the part of the book, According to the names of "four Yi Zhuan" and "Yi Di Biography", according to the sequence of Dongyi-Xi Rong-Nanman-North-Di. This narrative structure, in fact, is the projection of the world order in the history books. It should be noted that before "foreign biographies" became official names in history, monks in the Han and Tang dynasties often used them as the historical names of Chinese and foreign traffic related to South Asia, which may have been based on the "three / four heavenly sons" theory, which was popular in South Asia at that time. It reflects the source of thought which is different from the official will. By the time the historiographers of the Yuan Dynasty revised the history of Song, Liao and Jin dynasties, the names of "four Yi Zhuan" and "Yi Di Zhuan" in the official history of the previous dynasties were changed to "Foreign Biography", and the contents and structures were consciously divided between the different nature of the periphery. Thus, another kind of observation of the world began to be shown in the official history, which profoundly influenced the narrative style around the official history.
【作者單位】： 四川大學(xué)歷史文化(旅游)學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：K23
[Abstract]:This paper examines the narrative structure of the periphery and the outside in the official history of the Han and Yuan dynasties, and thinks that the Han and Tang dynasties gradually formed the paradigm of the peripheral narration in the history of official correction ("the four Yi modes"): under the pattern of "passing on the second Yi Di" in the part of the book, According to the names of "four Yi Zhuan" and "Yi Di Biography", according to the sequence of Dongyi-Xi Rong-Nanman-North-Di. This narrative structure, in fact, is the projection of the world order in the history books. It should be noted that before "foreign biographies" became official names in history, monks in the Han and Tang dynasties often used them as the historical names of Chinese and foreign traffic related to South Asia, which may have been based on the "three / four heavenly sons" theory, which was popular in South Asia at that time. It reflects the source of thought which is different from the official will. By the time the historiographers of the Yuan Dynasty revised the history of Song, Liao and Jin dynasties, the names of "four Yi Zhuan" and "Yi Di Zhuan" in the official history of the previous dynasties were changed to "Foreign Biography", and the contents and structures were consciously divided between the different nature of the periphery. Thus, another kind of observation of the world began to be shown in the official history, which profoundly influenced the narrative style around the official history.
【作者單位】： 四川大學(xué)歷史文化(旅游)學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：K23
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