發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-11 10:21

【摘要】：羅爾斯著名的“少數(shù)人原則”,不僅僅是他的《正義論》和《作為公平的正義——正義新論》內(nèi)核思想的經(jīng)典原則,而且引起了當(dāng)今中外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注和不同理解,真可謂是仁者見仁,智者見智。緊密聯(lián)系當(dāng)前國內(nèi)外實(shí)際,運(yùn)用馬克思主義政治觀原理來評述羅爾斯的“少數(shù)人原則”,著重深刻理解羅爾斯“少數(shù)人原則”的基本內(nèi)涵和主要特征,同時(shí)對羅爾斯“少數(shù)人原則”的歷史局限和有益啟示作了初步探討。 羅爾斯的“兩條正義原則”是他著名的“少數(shù)人原則”的理論邏輯前提。因此,本文在對其“少數(shù)人原則”分析的過程中,始終圍繞著“兩條正義原則”展開論述。 本文共分五個(gè)部分,引言簡要介紹了羅爾斯的生平及主要著述,詳細(xì)敘述了論文的選題意義及國內(nèi)外研究述評。作為一個(gè)精湛的理論基石,“少數(shù)人原則”不僅為我國弱勢群體的合法權(quán)益保護(hù)提供了有益的理論支撐和積極的借鑒啟示,更成為激發(fā)思想交鋒和新觀念產(chǎn)生的主要資源。 第一章對“少數(shù)人原則”呈現(xiàn)出的三個(gè)具體原則內(nèi)涵,即平等的自由原則、公平的機(jī)會(huì)平等原則及差別原則進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的論述。一個(gè)公平正義社會(huì)的建立,不僅需要正義制度的保障,還需要寬容的公民社會(huì)的支持,通過程序正義、補(bǔ)償機(jī)制等具體措施對少數(shù)人權(quán)利進(jìn)行保護(hù)。 第二章是對羅爾斯“少數(shù)人原則”具體特征的總結(jié)概括。該理論之所以影響如此廣泛,主要是由于羅爾斯能夠打破傳統(tǒng)思維,以對在西方社會(huì)占有重要地位的功利主義哲學(xué)的批判為起點(diǎn),繼而對古老的至善原則、備受推崇的自由理論進(jìn)行了否定和創(chuàng)新,從而彰顯了逆向思維的創(chuàng)造性、弱勢群體的人本性、自由平等的正義性,成為哲學(xué)、倫理學(xué)潮流的一個(gè)重要轉(zhuǎn)折。 第三章是對“少數(shù)人原則”中所體現(xiàn)出來的并一直備受指責(zé)與詬病的典型問題進(jìn)行論述,指出其因原初狀態(tài)的假設(shè)及無知之幕的設(shè)置所造成的無法克服的抽象人性論及晦澀思辨性�！吧贁�(shù)人原則”理論本身所引起的關(guān)注導(dǎo)致眾多學(xué)者撰文對某些具體問題展開批判,而羅爾斯為自圓其說,在對批判者回應(yīng)時(shí),難免出現(xiàn)自我矛盾和自我辯護(hù)的尷尬局面,這也是其局限性的一個(gè)體現(xiàn)。 第四章立足我國現(xiàn)實(shí)國情,將羅爾斯“少數(shù)人原則”與我國實(shí)際相結(jié)合,確立人們在社會(huì)中利益和負(fù)擔(dān)分配的基本制度,保障最弱者的基本權(quán)利和利益。為構(gòu)筑一套新的有關(guān)社會(huì)基本制度完善的基本思路,特別是協(xié)調(diào)利益關(guān)系,化解社會(huì)矛盾、構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)等方面,無疑具有積極的有益啟示。
[Abstract]:Rawls' famous "Minority principle" is not only the classical principle of his "Justice Theory" and "the New Theory of Justice as Fairness", but also has aroused the widespread concern and different understanding of scholars both at home and abroad. The truth can be said to be benevolent, wise and wise. In close connection with the current domestic and foreign reality, this paper makes a comment on Rawls's "minority principle" by using the Marxist political view principle, and emphatically understands the basic connotation and main characteristics of Rawls's "minority principle". At the same time, the historical limitation and beneficial enlightenment of Rawls'"Minority principle" are discussed. Rawls'"two principles of Justice" is the theoretical logical premise of his famous "principle of minorities". Therefore, in the process of analyzing the "minority principle", this paper always focuses on the "two principles of justice". This paper is divided into five parts. The introduction briefly introduces Rawls' life and main works, and describes in detail the significance of the selected topic of the thesis and the review of domestic and foreign studies. As a consummate theoretical cornerstone, the "minority principle" not only provides beneficial theoretical support and positive inspiration for the protection of the legal rights and interests of the vulnerable groups in our country, but also becomes the main resource to stimulate the ideological confrontation and the emergence of new ideas. The first chapter discusses in detail the three specific principles of the principle of minority, namely, the principle of equality of liberty, the principle of equal opportunity and the principle of difference. The establishment of a fair and just society needs not only the guarantee of the justice system, but also the support of the tolerant civil society. The minority rights should be protected through the concrete measures such as procedural justice, compensation mechanism and so on. The second chapter summarizes the specific characteristics of Rawls' Minority principle. The reason why the theory is so widely influenced is that Rawls was able to break the traditional thinking, start with the criticism of utilitarian philosophy, which plays an important role in western society, and then on the ancient principle of the greatest good. The highly respected theory of freedom has been negated and innovated, thus showing the creativity of reverse thinking, the human nature of the vulnerable groups and the justice of freedom and equality, which has become an important turning point in the trend of philosophy and ethics. The third chapter is the "minority principles" embodied in the typical issues that have been criticized and criticized. It is pointed out that its insuperable abstract human nature caused by the assumption of the original state and the setting of the curtain of ignorance and obscurity. The concern caused by the "minority principle" theory itself has led many scholars to write articles criticizing certain specific problems, while Rawls justifies the fact that, in response to the critics, there will inevitably be an awkward situation of self-contradiction and self-defense. This is also a reflection of its limitations. The fourth chapter is based on the reality of our country, combines Rawls'"minority principle" with the reality of our country, establishes the basic system of people's interests and burden distribution in society, and guarantees the basic rights and interests of the weakest. In order to construct a new set of basic ideas about the perfection of the basic social system, especially the coordination of interest relations, the resolution of social contradictions, and the construction of a harmonious society, there is no doubt positive and beneficial enlightenment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D091

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本文編號(hào)：2372371