發(fā)布時間：2018-12-28 08:59

【摘要】：石油素有"世界經(jīng)濟的血液"之稱,在我國的工業(yè)及經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中歷來有著舉足輕重的作用,是我國國民經(jīng)濟的重要支柱。然而,隨著石油價格的不斷下滑,油氣開采難度卻不斷加大,多數(shù)井眼為大位移井和水平井,開發(fā)成本加大。然而在大位移井和水平井的鉆進過程中,隨著井深的增加,水平段和大位移段的增加,井下摩阻大,鉆壓傳遞困難,作業(yè)效率低等問題凸顯出來。因此滑動鉆進過程的摩阻釋放問題已經(jīng)成為制約現(xiàn)代鉆井快速安全鉆井的技術(shù)瓶頸,摩阻釋放問題已成為石油鉆井領(lǐng)域重要的基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)理論課題。為解決這些問題,國內(nèi)外研究了很多相關(guān)技術(shù),比如井眼軌跡優(yōu)化、鉆井液潤滑、優(yōu)化管柱和專用的降摩減扭工具等方面開展了研究。文章分析了相關(guān)技術(shù)的特點,并詳細介紹了降摩減扭工具,分析了不同工具的工作原理與特點。本文在調(diào)研了國內(nèi)外降摩減扭工具的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了一款水力振蕩器,通過水力振蕩器的軸向振蕩,可實現(xiàn)將井下管柱與井壁之間的靜摩擦變?yōu)閯幽Σ?從而減小摩擦阻力,從而提高鉆井速度縮短鉆井周期。本文針對設(shè)計的水力振蕩器開展了工作仿真研究,主要完成水力振蕩器工作仿真、開發(fā)水力振蕩器仿真軟件、對水力振蕩器進行模態(tài)分析并開展水力振蕩器實驗研究。具體內(nèi)容如下:根據(jù)國內(nèi)外文獻調(diào)研,分析國內(nèi)外相關(guān)技術(shù)特點,根據(jù)實際情況確定水力振蕩器結(jié)構(gòu)。完成水力振蕩器整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,完成水力振蕩器三維模型的建立。根據(jù)設(shè)計的水力振蕩器完成工作仿真分析,完成其壓力波動和軸向力模型開展理論研究。分析了水力振蕩器過流面積變化規(guī)律、壓力變化規(guī)律和軸向沖擊力變化規(guī)律,為水力振蕩器的理論研究提供基礎(chǔ)。利用MATLAB軟件和C#軟件完成了水力振蕩器仿真軟件開發(fā),軟件可以通過輸入不同的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、材料參數(shù)和工作參數(shù)完成水力振蕩器規(guī)律研究,并完成了水力振蕩器性能影響研究,分別分析了動定閥孔尺寸、流量和入口壓力對水力振蕩器性能的影響,為水力振蕩器的結(jié)構(gòu)化設(shè)計和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化提供理論基礎(chǔ)。完成了水力振蕩器的模態(tài)分析,分別分析了水力振蕩器的自由模態(tài)和約束模態(tài)下的前十階模態(tài)頻率,分析得到水力振蕩器的工作頻率范圍不在其范圍內(nèi),避免發(fā)生共振,有效保障了工具使用壽命。分別完成了水力振蕩器的實驗研究,分別對水力振蕩器進行了壓力測試和沖擊力測試。分別介紹了實驗基本原理、實驗儀器、實驗軟件和實驗步驟,對實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行了分析,并對比理論仿真結(jié)果,驗證了理論模型的正確性。
[Abstract]:Petroleum, known as "the blood of the world economy", has always played a pivotal role in China's industrial and economic development, and is an important pillar of our national economy. However, with the decline of oil prices, the difficulty of oil and gas production is increasing, most of the boreholes are long reach wells and horizontal wells, and the development cost is increasing. However, in the drilling process of extended reach wells and horizontal wells, with the increase of well depth, horizontal section and large displacement section, the friction in the well is large, the transmission of drilling pressure is difficult, and the operation efficiency is low. Therefore, the problem of friction release in the process of sliding drilling has become a technical bottleneck restricting the rapid and safe drilling of modern drilling, and the issue of friction release has become an important basic scientific and theoretical subject in the field of oil drilling. In order to solve these problems, many related techniques have been studied at home and abroad, such as hole trajectory optimization, drilling fluid lubrication, optimization of pipe string and special friction and torsion reducing tools. This paper analyzes the characteristics of related technologies, and introduces the friction and torsion reducing tools in detail, and analyzes the working principles and characteristics of different tools. Based on the investigation of friction and torsion reducing tools at home and abroad, a hydraulic oscillator is designed in this paper. Through the axial oscillation of the hydraulic oscillator, the static friction between the downhole string and the shaft wall can be changed into dynamic friction, thus reducing the friction resistance. Thus the drilling speed is improved and the drilling cycle is shortened. In this paper, the work simulation of the designed hydraulic oscillator is carried out, which mainly completes the simulation of the hydraulic oscillator, develops the simulation software of the hydraulic oscillator, carries out the modal analysis of the hydraulic oscillator and carries out the experimental study of the hydraulic oscillator. The main contents are as follows: according to the domestic and foreign literature investigation and analysis of the relevant technical characteristics at home and abroad, according to the actual situation to determine the structure of the hydraulic oscillator. The whole structure design of the hydraulic oscillator and the establishment of the three-dimensional model of the hydraulic oscillator are completed. According to the simulation analysis of the designed hydraulic oscillator, the theoretical research on the pressure fluctuation and axial force model is carried out. The variation law of hydraulic oscillator overcurrent area, pressure change and axial impact force are analyzed, which provides a basis for the theoretical study of hydraulic oscillator. The simulation software of hydraulic oscillator is developed by using MATLAB software and C # software. The software can study the law of hydraulic oscillator by inputting different structure parameters, material parameters and working parameters. The effects of the hole size, flow rate and inlet pressure on the performance of the hydraulic oscillator are analyzed respectively, which provides a theoretical basis for the structural design and structural optimization of the hydraulic oscillator. The modal analysis of the hydraulic oscillator is completed, and the first ten modal frequencies of the hydraulic oscillator under the free mode and the constrained mode are analyzed respectively. The analysis shows that the operating frequency range of the hydraulic oscillator is not within its range and the resonance is avoided. The utility model effectively guarantees the service life of the tool. The experimental study of the hydraulic oscillator was completed, and the pressure and impact force of the hydraulic oscillator were tested. The basic principle of the experiment, the experimental instrument, the experimental software and the experimental steps are introduced respectively. The experimental data are analyzed, and the theoretical simulation results are compared to verify the correctness of the theoretical model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE927

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本文編號：2393764