發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-27 20:58

【摘要】：水電作為一種可再生清潔能源,在我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和能源配置中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。積極發(fā)展水電工程,不僅能供水供電、灌溉養(yǎng)殖,同時(shí)還能提高河流的防水防洪能力,加強(qiáng)水土保持、治漬、航運(yùn)等功能。但是隨著水電建設(shè)力度不斷加大,流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)受到的沖擊也加大,環(huán)境問題日益突出。我國對(duì)流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的研究起步較晚,評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制存在缺憾,特別是水電工程運(yùn)營期的流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的評(píng)價(jià)和流域環(huán)境管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和制度很不完善。因此,水電開發(fā)流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的評(píng)價(jià)和水電開發(fā)流域環(huán)境的管理是亟需關(guān)注和處理的問題。流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康作為一個(gè)嶄新的研究領(lǐng)域,其研究理論和方法尚未成熟,尤其對(duì)水電開發(fā)流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評(píng)價(jià)而言,尚未形成一套完整的理論,在評(píng)價(jià)方法、指標(biāo)選取、評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、模型建立諸多方面有待于進(jìn)一步的研究和探索;目前,我國在水電開發(fā)流域環(huán)境的管理體系的建立上,還存在著較多缺陷。本文以"水電開發(fā)流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)"為研究對(duì)象,以研究水電開發(fā)流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康現(xiàn)狀特征為出發(fā)點(diǎn),以嘉陵江四川段水電開發(fā)流域?yàn)樵u(píng)價(jià)對(duì)象,對(duì)水電開發(fā)流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評(píng)價(jià)的理論、方法與實(shí)踐進(jìn)行了探討與研究;借鑒國內(nèi)外河流健康評(píng)價(jià)體系的研究,采用" PSR "評(píng)價(jià)模型框架作為基礎(chǔ),采用層次分析法確定指標(biāo)權(quán),將水電開發(fā)流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康劃分為"很健康、健康、亞健康、不健康、病態(tài)" 5個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí),建立了水電開發(fā)流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評(píng)價(jià)體系。用嘉陵江四川段水電開發(fā)流域的實(shí)例評(píng)價(jià)分析對(duì)本文建立的評(píng)價(jià)體系做合理性驗(yàn)證。將流域分為上段、中段、下段分別進(jìn)行分析,建立模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)法模型,通過隸屬度最大原則,得到對(duì)嘉陵江四川段流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果,即對(duì)于研究區(qū)的生態(tài)健康總體呈亞健康狀態(tài),其中上段為健康,中段下段為亞健康,通過結(jié)論分析驗(yàn)證了合理性。本文對(duì)水電開發(fā)流域環(huán)境管理模式進(jìn)行了探索性研究�？紤]我國流域環(huán)境管理在流域治理技術(shù)、監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警、相關(guān)立法、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新等方面的不足,建立了一套包括目標(biāo)管理體系、治理技術(shù)體系、監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警體系、法律與政策保障體系和行政管理體系5個(gè)方面的水電開發(fā)流域環(huán)境管理體系。
[Abstract]:As a kind of renewable clean energy, hydropower plays an important role in China's economic development and energy allocation. The active development of hydropower projects can not only provide water supply, power supply, irrigation and breeding, but also improve the waterproofing and flood control capacity of rivers, and strengthen the functions of soil and water conservation, waterlogging control, shipping and so on. However, with the increasing efforts of hydropower construction, the impact of watershed ecosystem is also increased, and environmental problems are increasingly prominent. The research on watershed ecosystem health has started late in our country, and the evaluation mechanism is deficient. Especially, the assessment of watershed ecosystem health and the standards and systems of watershed environmental management during the operation period of hydropower projects are not perfect. Therefore, the assessment of ecosystem health and the management of hydropower basin environment are urgent problems to be paid attention to and dealt with. Watershed ecosystem health as a brand-new research field, its research theory and method has not yet been mature, especially for hydropower development watershed ecosystem health assessment, has not yet formed a complete set of theory, in the evaluation method, the selection of indicators, The evaluation criteria and the establishment of the model need to be further studied and explored. At present, there are still many defects in the establishment of environmental management system of hydropower development basin in China. In this paper, "the watershed ecosystem of hydropower development" is taken as the research object, and the status quo of the ecosystem health of the hydropower development basin is studied as the starting point, and the hydropower development basin of the Sichuan section of the Jialing River is taken as the evaluation object. The theory, method and practice of ecosystem health assessment in hydropower development basin were discussed and studied. Referring to the study of river health evaluation system at home and abroad, using the framework of "PSR" evaluation model as the foundation, adopting the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the index right, the ecosystem health of hydropower development basin is divided into "very healthy, sub-healthy", and "very healthy, sub-healthy". The assessment system of ecosystem health in hydropower development basin was established according to 5 evaluation grades of unhealthy and sick condition. The rationality of the evaluation system established in this paper is verified by the example evaluation analysis of the hydropower development basin in the Sichuan section of the Jialing River. The watershed is divided into the upper section, the middle section and the lower section, respectively, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established. Through the principle of maximum membership degree, the assessment results of ecosystem health in the Sichuan section of Jialing River are obtained. That is to say, the ecological health of the study area is sub-healthy in general, in which the upper part is healthy and the middle part is sub-health, and the rationality is verified by the conclusion analysis. In this paper, an exploratory study on the environmental management model of hydropower development basin has been carried out. Considering the deficiency of watershed environmental management in river basin management technology, monitoring and early warning, relevant legislation, technological innovation and so on, a set of target management system, governance technology system, monitoring and early warning system is established. The environmental management system of hydropower development basin in five aspects: law and policy guarantee system and administrative management system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X826;X322

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本文編號(hào)：2431574