發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-23 19:31

  本文選題：鋁土礦 + 露天開(kāi)采　； 參考：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：礦山開(kāi)采引發(fā)一系列礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題,如崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、土地資源損毀等,嚴(yán)重危害人類(lèi)生存環(huán)境,礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題是人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的主要產(chǎn)物,是可以預(yù)測(cè),可以預(yù)防的。通過(guò)分析研究礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題,就可以減少礦山開(kāi)采對(duì)環(huán)境的影響和破壞,實(shí)現(xiàn)資源與環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。本論文以五臺(tái)天和鋁土礦為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用實(shí)地考察及野外調(diào)查、文獻(xiàn)資料收集法、查閱有關(guān)規(guī)范等方法,主要從礦山開(kāi)采引發(fā)地質(zhì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題的種類(lèi)、分布、規(guī)模、產(chǎn)生原因、危害程度及誘發(fā)因素等幾方面進(jìn)行研究。主要工作及研究成果如下:1、野外實(shí)地調(diào)查五臺(tái)天和鋁土礦礦區(qū)的的自然地理概況、地層巖性與地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、水文地質(zhì)條件、工程地質(zhì)條件、礦體地質(zhì)特征以及周邊其他人類(lèi)工程活動(dòng)。2、現(xiàn)狀條件下,礦山存在的及潛在的地質(zhì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題,主要有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、土地資源損毀、地形地貌景觀破壞等。3、崩塌滑坡問(wèn)題:平整場(chǎng)地及修建道路形成不穩(wěn)定的邊坡,從位置、規(guī)模、坡度、地層巖性、穩(wěn)定性及威脅對(duì)象進(jìn)行分析,主要由于巖土風(fēng)化嚴(yán)重、節(jié)理裂隙發(fā)育、結(jié)構(gòu)破碎、臨空面發(fā)育,在降雨、風(fēng)化、振動(dòng)等條件下,就會(huì)引起崩塌滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害;露采邊坡通過(guò)對(duì)其穩(wěn)定性因素進(jìn)行分析,得出只有在軟質(zhì)巖石、局部構(gòu)造破碎地段或節(jié)理裂隙發(fā)育地段會(huì)發(fā)生小規(guī)模崩塌與滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害;排土場(chǎng)由于松散堆積,在降雨及采動(dòng)影響下易產(chǎn)生崩塌滑坡。4、泥石流問(wèn)題:礦區(qū)溝谷十分發(fā)育,呈“V”字型,G1、G2及G3溝谷物源主要是天然崩滑物及開(kāi)挖形成的松散堆積物,在雨季洪水暴漲暴落,易發(fā)生泥石流,通過(guò)對(duì)溝谷的15項(xiàng)因子進(jìn)行量化,評(píng)估出不同溝谷泥石流的易發(fā)程度。5、露天開(kāi)采,在地表進(jìn)行,直接破壞原有地形地貌,露天采場(chǎng)、排土場(chǎng)、工業(yè)場(chǎng)地、道路建設(shè)及開(kāi)挖地表等工程活動(dòng),對(duì)土地資源及地形地貌景觀都造成嚴(yán)重的破壞,同時(shí)礦山的開(kāi)挖也引發(fā)含水層破壞問(wèn)題。6、針對(duì)主要問(wèn)題,提出相應(yīng)的恢復(fù)治理措施。
[Abstract]:Mining causes a series of mine geological environmental problems, such as collapse, landslide, debris flow, land resource damage, and so on, which seriously endangers the human survival environment. The mine geological environment problem is the main product of human activities and can be predicted. It can be prevented. By analyzing and studying the geological environment of mines, the influence and destruction of mining on the environment can be reduced, and the harmonious development of resources and environment can be realized. This paper takes Wutai Tianhe bauxite mine as the research object, uses the field investigation and field investigation, the literature collection method, the related standard and so on, mainly from the mine mining causes the geological environment question type, the distribution, the scale, the cause. The degree of harm and inducing factors were studied. The main work and research results are as follows: 1. Field investigation of the physical geography, stratigraphic lithology and geological structure, hydrogeological conditions, engineering geological conditions of Wutai Tianhe bauxite mining area, Geological characteristics of ore bodies and other human engineering activities around them. Under the present conditions, existing and potential geological environmental problems in mines are mainly collapse, landslide, debris flow, and damage to land resources. Landform and landform landscape damage and so on, landslide problem: leveling the site and building the road to form unstable slope, from the position, scale, slope, stratigraphic lithology, stability and threat object, mainly because of the serious weathering of rock and soil, The development of joints and fissures, the broken structure, the development of the face of the air, the occurrence of geological disasters of landslides under the conditions of rainfall, weathering, vibration, etc. By analyzing the factors of stability of open-pit slopes, it can be concluded that only in soft rocks, Small scale collapses and landslide geological disasters will occur in local structural broken areas or areas where joints and fissures are developed; dump sites are prone to collapse and landslide .4 under the influence of rainfall and mining, and debris flow problems are: the gullies in mining areas are well developed. The grain sources in the "V" shape of G1G2 and G3 trenches are mainly natural landslips and loose deposits formed by excavation. During the rainy season, floods surge and fall sharply, and debris flow is easy to occur. The 15 factors of the gully are quantified. To evaluate the vulnerability of debris flow in different gullies, open pit mining, surface mining, direct destruction of the original landform, open pit, dump, industrial site, road construction and excavation of the surface, etc. It also causes serious damage to land resources and landform and landscape, and at the same time, mine excavation also causes aquifer damage problem .6. aiming at the main problems, the corresponding restoration measures are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD167;TD804

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本文編號(hào)：2058161