發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-27 23:01

  本文選題：承運(yùn)人 + 副本提單　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨著商貿(mào)往來(lái)的加強(qiáng)，承運(yùn)人依據(jù)正本提單放貨已經(jīng)成為航運(yùn)中必須遵守的一項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)則。但在實(shí)踐中，由于各種原因的影響，收貨人憑副本提單向承運(yùn)人提貨現(xiàn)象變得十分普遍。這種做法不僅損害了正本提單持有人的利益，而且極大破壞了海上貨物貿(mào)易運(yùn)輸制度，導(dǎo)致案件糾紛不斷發(fā)生。針對(duì)目前實(shí)踐中，收貨人憑副本提單提貨這一普遍情形，從國(guó)際和國(guó)內(nèi)兩種視覺角度，通過(guò)承運(yùn)人這一關(guān)鍵因素對(duì)副本提單效力進(jìn)行研究。 在大量采用規(guī)范分析、歸納分析等分析方法的基礎(chǔ)上，從國(guó)際和國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)行有關(guān)提單的公約、法律法規(guī)出發(fā)，對(duì)承運(yùn)人項(xiàng)下副本提單效力問題進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的分析和探討。最初以提單效力為著手點(diǎn)，進(jìn)而對(duì)副本提單效力進(jìn)行分析，經(jīng)過(guò)考察發(fā)現(xiàn)副本提單具有證明效力、債權(quán)效力。于是，設(shè)想進(jìn)一步對(duì)副本提單放貨與承運(yùn)人責(zé)任進(jìn)行分析。在不同的條件下，是否允許承運(yùn)人憑副本提單放貨，各國(guó)法律及國(guó)際公約中均有不同規(guī)定，特別是《鹿特丹規(guī)則》中體現(xiàn)的尤為明顯。同時(shí)，在承運(yùn)人放貨后應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任、歸責(zé)原則、范圍等細(xì)節(jié)方面，國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界中存在著不同學(xué)說(shuō)，而目前我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)法也僅提供了可供思考的法律要素，并未做出明確、具體的闡述。因此，在分析過(guò)后得出觀點(diǎn)，我國(guó)司法實(shí)踐中承運(yùn)人因副本提單放貨應(yīng)承擔(dān)以違約為主，競(jìng)合為輔的民事責(zé)任；另外，在歸責(zé)原則和賠償范圍方面《鹿特丹規(guī)則》比我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)法的規(guī)定更為合理，更有助于此類問題的解決。針對(duì)之前分析中存在的相關(guān)問題，承運(yùn)人副本提單放貨應(yīng)從不同主體出發(fā)，以事前預(yù)防和事后救濟(jì)兩方面為中介，全面、仔細(xì)尋找解決方法與對(duì)策�；�于以上對(duì)承運(yùn)人副本提單放貨問題的研究得出最終結(jié)論：根據(jù)目前已有的國(guó)際及國(guó)內(nèi)法律，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)堅(jiān)持承運(yùn)人憑正本提單放貨這個(gè)大原則，但是在某些特殊的情況下應(yīng)當(dāng)允許副本提單放貨。 在對(duì)承運(yùn)人項(xiàng)下副本提單效力進(jìn)行探索之后，，提出的一些觀點(diǎn)及思考，希望可以拓展此類問題的研究視角。通過(guò)對(duì)承運(yùn)人性質(zhì)的界定，來(lái)降低審判的難度，明確當(dāng)事人之間的法律關(guān)系、保護(hù)當(dāng)事人的合法權(quán)益。
[Abstract]:With the strengthening of trade, the carrier's delivery of goods based on the original bill of lading has become a standard to be observed in shipping. However, in practice, it is very common for consignee to collect goods from carrier by duplicate bill of lading due to various reasons. This practice not only damages the interests of the original bill of lading holders, but also greatly undermines the system of trade in goods by sea. In view of the general situation that consignee takes delivery of goods by duplicate bill of lading in current practice, the validity of duplicate bill of lading is studied through the key factor of carrier from both international and domestic perspectives. On the basis of a large number of analytical methods, such as normative analysis, inductive analysis and so on, this paper makes a systematic analysis and discussion on the validity of the replica bill of lading under the category of carrier on the basis of international and domestic conventions, laws and regulations on bill of lading. At first, the validity of the bill of lading is taken as the starting point, and then the validity of the duplicate bill of lading is analyzed. Therefore, it is envisaged to further analyze the shipping of the duplicate bill of lading and the liability of the carrier. Under different conditions, whether the carrier is allowed to release the goods against a duplicate bill of lading has different provisions in various countries' laws and international conventions, especially in the Rotterdam rules. At the same time, in the details of the carrier's liability, liability principle, scope and so on, there are different theories in the domestic academic circles, but at present, the domestic law of our country has only provided the legal elements for consideration, which has not been made clear. A specific exposition. Therefore, after the analysis of the point of view, in judicial practice in our country, the carrier should bear the civil liability of breach of contract as the basis for the delivery of the duplicate bill of lading. The Rotterdam rule is more reasonable than the domestic law in the principle of imputation and the scope of compensation, and it is more helpful to solve this kind of problem. In view of the related problems existing in the previous analysis, the carrier's duplicate bill of lading should proceed from different subjects, take the two aspects of pre-prevention and post-relief as the intermediary, and look for the solutions and countermeasures carefully. Based on the above study of the carrier's duplicate bill of lading, the final conclusion is drawn: according to the existing international and domestic laws, we should adhere to the carrier's principle of delivery of goods on the basis of the original bill of lading. However, in certain special circumstances, a duplicate bill of lading should be allowed to release the goods. After exploring the validity of the duplicate bill of lading under the carrier line, this paper puts forward some viewpoints and thoughts, hoping to expand the research angle of this kind of problem. By defining the nature of carrier, we can reduce the difficulty of trial, clarify the legal relationship between the parties, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996

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