發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-26 13:48

【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代國(guó)際海洋法框架下,一國(guó)對(duì)其擁有的島礁享有創(chuàng)設(shè)領(lǐng)海海域等一系列海洋權(quán)利。由于海平面上升、海底地震、人為破壞等因素的影響,海洋島礁可能會(huì)被淹沒(méi)或產(chǎn)生物理性解體,從而導(dǎo)致其在事實(shí)上或法律上滅失,而《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》未對(duì)島礁滅失的法律后果做明文規(guī)定。即使島礁已經(jīng)因惡意破壞消失,但仍保留其海域權(quán)利。從實(shí)際來(lái)看,島礁的滅失客觀上存在著不同的情形,其涉及的法律問(wèn)題也可能會(huì)因此而存在差異。其中,對(duì)作為領(lǐng)�；�點(diǎn)的島礁所進(jìn)行的人為惡意破壞,損害的是極其重大的國(guó)家利益,在這類島礁滅失后,如果籠統(tǒng)地奉行"海洋權(quán)利滅失說(shuō)",將對(duì)受害國(guó)的國(guó)家利益造成永久性的不可逆?zhèn)��?并可能在海洋爭(zhēng)端中對(duì)一國(guó)惡意破壞他國(guó)島礁的行為構(gòu)成法律上的負(fù)向激勵(lì),有違《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》立法本意和國(guó)際正義。鑒于此,有必要建立"擬制島礁"制度,保護(hù)和延續(xù)因特定原因滅失的相關(guān)島礁的法定權(quán)利,并推動(dòng)國(guó)際海洋法律制度的良性發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In the framework of modern international law of the sea, a State has a series of maritime rights over the islands and reefs it owns, such as the creation of territorial sea areas. As a result of sea-level rise, seafloor earthquakes, and man-made destruction, ocean islands and reefs may be submerged or physically disintegrated, leading to de facto or legal loss, The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea does not make explicit provisions on the legal consequences of loss of islands and reefs. Even though the islands and reefs have disappeared due to malicious damage, they still retain their maritime rights. In reality, there are different circumstances in the loss of islands and reefs, and the legal problems involved in them may also be different. Among them, the malicious destruction of the islands and reefs, which are the base points of the territorial sea, is to the detriment of extremely important national interests. After the loss of such islands and reefs, if the "theory of loss of maritime rights" is pursued in general terms, Will cause permanent irreversible harm to the national interests of the injured State and may constitute a legal negative incentive in maritime disputes for a State to vandalize the islands and reefs of another State, Contrary to the legislative intent and international justice of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. In view of this, it is necessary to establish a "planned reef" system to protect and renew the legal rights of the islands and reefs lost for specific reasons, and to promote the benign development of the international marine legal regime.
【作者單位】： 華東政法大學(xué)法學(xué)博士后流動(dòng)站;國(guó)家海洋局南海調(diào)查技術(shù)中心駐重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金青年項(xiàng)目(15CFX071) 國(guó)家海洋局南海分局海洋科學(xué)技術(shù)局長(zhǎng)基金項(xiàng)目(1527、1672);國(guó)家海洋局南海維權(quán)技術(shù)與應(yīng)用重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放基金項(xiàng)目(1502)
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5

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