發(fā)布時間：2018-05-18 05:05

  本文選題：消費者 + 集團訴訟　； 參考：《吉林財經(jīng)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放三十多年來，市場經(jīng)濟體制逐步在我國得以確立，商品經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展使消費者在經(jīng)濟活動中扮演著越來越重要的角色。然而近年來盡管我國相關法律和政策都在不斷完善，卻始終未能改變消費者相對生產(chǎn)者和經(jīng)營者弱勢地位的局面。我國的消費者問題呈現(xiàn)出多樣化、復雜化、群體化的趨勢。面對這些問題，人們也在尋找相應的對策，探索解決的路徑。例如小額眾多消費者侵權(quán)案件如何能夠得到司法救濟就是其中亟待解決的問題之一。所謂無救濟便無權(quán)利，那些涉及到賠償特別是小額賠償?shù)拇蟊娗謾?quán)案件，消費者最終往往得不到救濟或者其所遭受的損害賠償。所以，想要更好的維護我國廣大消費者的合法利益，需要在消費者權(quán)益保護法中明確和細化集團訴訟的相關規(guī)定，以此來完善和健全現(xiàn)有的消費者權(quán)益保護制度。 基于上述的研究背景，筆者開始了本文寫作。論文共分為四個部分，第一部分是消費者集團訴訟概述，概括性的對消費者集團訴訟的主要問題加以說明，包括消費者集團訴訟的概念和特征，消費者集團訴訟與經(jīng)濟法的關系，消費者集團訴訟的意義等。第二部分是我國保護消費者權(quán)益現(xiàn)有的法律現(xiàn)狀及其存在的問題和缺陷，，主要包括最新確立的公益訴訟制度以及代表人訴訟制度。第三部分是國外集團訴訟制度對消費者保護的比較借鑒，主要分析了美國集團訴訟和德國集體訴訟各種的特征、優(yōu)勢以及對我國相關制度的啟示和借鑒。最后一部分是針對我國現(xiàn)有法律法規(guī)中的不足，為我國消費者權(quán)益保護制度的完善所提出的建議。主要集中在起訴主體資格、加入或退出機制、訴訟請求的種類以及和解制度等方面進行闡述。 《中華人民共和國消費者權(quán)益保護法》的修訂，從充實細化消費者權(quán)益、強化經(jīng)營者義務與責任、規(guī)范網(wǎng)絡購物等新型消費方式、更好發(fā)揮消費者協(xié)會作用等方面，進一步完善了相關法律規(guī)定，對維護消費市場秩序，保護消費者合法權(quán)益①將起到更重要的作用。它必將使我國消費者權(quán)益保護的水平上升到一個全新的高度。不過，其中有關集團訴訟問題的內(nèi)容只有寥寥幾語，機構(gòu)設置、訴訟請求等規(guī)定不夠詳實，缺乏可操作性。法律的滯后性決定了法律相對于變化發(fā)展的社會永遠是落后的，新法必定還會有它的不完善之處，并不是所有問題都能夠迎刃而解。本文運用比較分析的方法將國內(nèi)外的制度進行對比，試圖找出我國現(xiàn)有法律制度中的不足之處，并為其提出相應的解決方案。希望能夠為健全我國的消費者權(quán)益保護制度提供些許的學術(shù)資源，為完善我國的社會主義法制建設略盡綿薄之力。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up for more than 30 years, the market economic system has been gradually established in China, and the rapid development of commodity economy has made consumers play an increasingly important role in economic activities. However, in recent years, although the relevant laws and policies of our country are constantly improving, it has never changed the situation of the weak position of consumers relative to producers and operators. The consumer problem of our country presents the trend of diversification, complication and collectivization. In the face of these problems, people are also looking for corresponding countermeasures to explore the way to solve the problem. For example, how to obtain judicial remedy in many consumer infringement cases is one of the urgent problems to be solved. If there is no remedy, there is no right. In the case of mass infringement involving compensation, especially small compensation, consumers often do not get relief or compensation for damages they suffer. Therefore, in order to better protect the legitimate interests of the vast number of consumers in our country, we need to clarify and refine the relevant provisions of class action in the law of consumer rights and interests protection, in order to improve and improve the existing system of consumer rights and interests protection. Based on the above research background, the author began to write this paper. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part is an overview of consumer group litigation, including the concept and characteristics of consumer group litigation. The relationship between consumer group action and economic law, the significance of consumer class action, etc. The second part is the current legal situation of protecting the rights and interests of consumers in China and its existing problems and defects, including the newly established public interest litigation system and the representative litigation system. The third part is the comparative reference of foreign group action system to consumer protection, mainly analyzes the characteristics, advantages of American group action and German class action, as well as the enlightenment and reference to the relevant system of our country. The last part is aimed at the deficiency of our country's existing laws and regulations, and puts forward some suggestions for the perfection of our country's consumer rights and interests protection system. It mainly focuses on the qualification of the subject of prosecution, the mechanism of joining or withdrawing, the category of litigation request and the system of settlement. The revision of the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights and interests of the people's Republic of China is aimed at enriching and refining consumer rights and interests, strengthening the obligations and responsibilities of operators, standardizing new consumption patterns such as online shopping, and giving better play to the role of consumer associations. Further improving the relevant laws and regulations will play a more important role in maintaining the order of the consumer market and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. It will make the level of protection of consumer rights and interests in China rise to a new level. However, there are only a few words about the issues of class action, such as institutional setup, litigation request and other provisions are not detailed, lack of maneuverability. The lag of law determines that the law is always backward relative to the changing and developing society. The new law must have its imperfections and not all problems can be solved easily. In this paper, we use the method of comparative analysis to compare the domestic and foreign systems, and try to find out the shortcomings of the existing legal system in our country, and put forward the corresponding solutions for them. It is hoped that it can provide some academic resources for perfecting the system of protecting the rights and interests of consumers in our country and do a little effort to perfect the construction of socialist legal system in our country.
【學位授予單位】：吉林財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.1;D923.8

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本文編號：1904514