發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-31 10:35

【摘要】：產(chǎn)品訂貨決策與庫(kù)存管理是企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)的一項(xiàng)重要管理工作。企業(yè)經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到每批訂購(gòu)多少數(shù)量、全年分幾批訂購(gòu)最為經(jīng)濟(jì)合理,即“經(jīng)濟(jì)訂貨批量”的決策問(wèn)題。在通常進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)訂貨批量分析時(shí),兩個(gè)重要的假設(shè)就是企業(yè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)容量沒(méi)有限制和訂貨入庫(kù)的產(chǎn)品全部是合格產(chǎn)品。但在實(shí)際中,這兩個(gè)假設(shè)并不現(xiàn)實(shí),因?yàn)槠髽I(yè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)容量總是有限的,而生產(chǎn)入庫(kù)的產(chǎn)品可能在下生產(chǎn)線之際沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)檢驗(yàn),可能在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中存在一些缺陷產(chǎn)品,且產(chǎn)品在裝卸、運(yùn)輸、入庫(kù)過(guò)程中也會(huì)造成一些損壞,這就形成了不完美產(chǎn)品。這些不完美產(chǎn)品,是指那些質(zhì)量、性能、外觀等方面不達(dá)標(biāo)的產(chǎn)品,存在瑕疵的產(chǎn)品是可以銷(xiāo)售的,但是必須以“處理品”、“次品”等形式注明,并告訴消費(fèi)者哪方面有瑕疵。不完美產(chǎn)品因?yàn)槠漭^高的性?xún)r(jià)比,在一定程度上對(duì)完美產(chǎn)品具有替代作用�；�于此,本文研究了一種考慮產(chǎn)品可替代性的訂貨與庫(kù)存管理模型。 近年來(lái),可替代性產(chǎn)品在訂貨庫(kù)存方面研究已經(jīng)成為了國(guó)內(nèi)外眾多學(xué)者專(zhuān)家關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn),也是供應(yīng)鏈訂貨與庫(kù)存管理理論的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)研究方向,大多數(shù)論文是以經(jīng)典的報(bào)童問(wèn)題、單周期問(wèn)題或者在其基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行研究。本文繼承這一思路,仍舊以只有銷(xiāo)售商的一層供應(yīng)鏈中的單周期訂貨問(wèn)題為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合完美產(chǎn)品、不完美產(chǎn)品替代性,利用霍特林模型,從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行延伸研究。 第一,根據(jù)經(jīng)典的單周期訂貨庫(kù)存問(wèn)題,假設(shè)銷(xiāo)售商將訂貨中的完美產(chǎn)品與不完美產(chǎn)品分別投入到兩個(gè)不同的市場(chǎng)中進(jìn)行銷(xiāo)售,針對(duì)這種不存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的銷(xiāo)售情形推導(dǎo)出面對(duì)固定市場(chǎng)需求的最優(yōu)訂貨策略,并且對(duì)各種變量對(duì)最優(yōu)訂貨量產(chǎn)生的影響進(jìn)行探討,給出了數(shù)值仿真進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。 第二,考慮到銷(xiāo)售商將訂貨貨物中存在的完美產(chǎn)品與不完美產(chǎn)品投入到一個(gè)市場(chǎng)中銷(xiāo)售,不完美產(chǎn)品對(duì)完美產(chǎn)品具有一定的替代性,而且替代性與價(jià)格、完美程度有關(guān)。在上述假設(shè)前提下,建立了訂貨決策模型,證明了最優(yōu)訂貨量的存在,對(duì)價(jià)格差、完美程度、消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)偏好系數(shù)對(duì)最優(yōu)訂貨量的影響進(jìn)行分析,通過(guò)數(shù)值仿真進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。 第三,在經(jīng)濟(jì)訂貨批量問(wèn)題基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)不完美產(chǎn)品的存在對(duì)生產(chǎn)商生產(chǎn)決策影響也進(jìn)行了分析,建立了允許缺貨且存在缺陷產(chǎn)品的最優(yōu)生產(chǎn)策略模型,在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合可信性理論,建立期望生產(chǎn)成本函數(shù),揭示生產(chǎn)成本函數(shù)性質(zhì),證明了使單位時(shí)間成本最小的最優(yōu)生產(chǎn)時(shí)間的存在性與唯一性,給出了最優(yōu)生產(chǎn)時(shí)間的范圍,結(jié)合算例分析了缺陷產(chǎn)品比例與重修費(fèi)用對(duì)最優(yōu)生產(chǎn)策略的影響 此外,對(duì)于本文所求得的結(jié)論,均給出了實(shí)際的管理意義,最后在論文結(jié)尾進(jìn)行了總結(jié)與展望。
[Abstract]:Product ordering decision and inventory management is an important management work of enterprise production and management. Enterprises often encounter the number of orders per batch, and the decision of "economic order batch" is the most economical and reasonable problem. In the analysis of economic order batches, two important assumptions are that there is no limit on the capacity of the enterprise warehouse and that the products placed in the warehouse are all qualified products. In practice, however, these two assumptions are not realistic, because the capacity of the enterprise warehouse is always limited, and the products produced into the warehouse may not be tested at the time of the next production line, and there may be some defective products in the production process. And the product in the loading and unloading, transportation, storage process will also cause some damage, which formed an imperfect product. These imperfect products refer to those products whose quality, performance, appearance, etc., are not up to standard. Defective products can be sold, but they must be marked in the form of "processed goods", "defective products", etc. And tell consumers where there is a flaw. Imperfect products, due to their high cost-performance ratio, to a certain extent, the perfect product substitution. Based on this, this paper studies an order and inventory management model considering product substitutability. In recent years, the research on order inventory of alternative products has become the focus of attention of many scholars and experts at home and abroad, and it is also a key research direction of supply chain order and inventory management theory. Most papers focus on the classical newsboy problem, single-period problem, or based on it. This paper inherits this idea, and based on the single-cycle ordering problem in the one-layer supply chain, combining the perfect product and the imperfect product substitution, using the Horterling model, the paper extends the research from the following aspects. First, according to the classic single-cycle order inventory problem, suppose the seller put the perfect product and the imperfect product into two different markets to sell. The optimal ordering strategy in the face of fixed market demand is derived for this kind of non-competitive sales situation, and the influence of various variables on the optimal order quantity is discussed, and the numerical simulation is given to verify it. Secondly, considering that the seller puts the perfect product and imperfect product into a market, the imperfect product has certain substitution to the perfect product, and the substitution is related to the price and the degree of perfection. Based on the above assumptions, an order decision model is established, and the existence of optimal order quantity is proved. The effects of price difference, perfection degree and consumer consumption preference coefficient on the optimal order quantity are analyzed and verified by numerical simulation. Thirdly, on the basis of the economic order batch problem, the influence of the imperfect product on the producer's production decision is also analyzed, and the optimal production strategy model of the product that is allowed to be out of stock and with defects is established. Based on the credibility theory, the expected production cost function is established, the properties of the production cost function are revealed, the existence and uniqueness of the optimal production time with minimum unit time cost are proved, and the range of the optimal production time is given. This paper analyzes the effect of the proportion of defective products and the cost of rework on the optimal production strategy with an example. In addition, for the conclusions obtained in this paper, the practical management significance is given. At the end of the paper, the conclusion is summarized and prospected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F274;F224

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