發(fā)布時間：2018-07-25 08:37

【摘要】：近年來,隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,現(xiàn)代物流運(yùn)輸行業(yè)技術(shù)水平取得了較大幅度的提升,其在商業(yè)競爭中的影響力日漸凸現(xiàn)。其中,乘用車運(yùn)輸模式在提高路面占用率、降低能耗等方面表現(xiàn)良好并帶來了較高的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。而商用車底盤運(yùn)輸車作為新型特種運(yùn)輸車也在向此方向逐步轉(zhuǎn)型。因此,如何實(shí)現(xiàn)一款安全性、可靠性及機(jī)構(gòu)性能穩(wěn)定、抗壓的高性能半掛運(yùn)輸車成為了當(dāng)前業(yè)內(nèi)的研究重點(diǎn)。本課題依托實(shí)際工程項(xiàng)目,對某商用運(yùn)輸半掛車的前舉升機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),將半掛車的鵝頸處設(shè)計(jì)成一種可以旋轉(zhuǎn)的舉升機(jī)構(gòu),利用改變旋轉(zhuǎn)舉升板的角度使舉升板與水平地面的夾角小于車輛的離去角以保證裝載車輛后半掛運(yùn)輸車不超高。首先,分析比較了國內(nèi)外此類運(yùn)輸車的結(jié)構(gòu)型式特點(diǎn),運(yùn)用UG軟件對旋轉(zhuǎn)舉升機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行三維建模,其結(jié)構(gòu)主要由鵝頸、主車架、旋轉(zhuǎn)舉升板、液壓缸-鋼絲繩聯(lián)動牽引裝置等組成,根據(jù)實(shí)際需求確定機(jī)構(gòu)處于不同作業(yè)工況時的運(yùn)動狀態(tài);其次,運(yùn)用Hypermesh軟件完成機(jī)構(gòu)三維模型的有限元前處理工作,確定需要進(jìn)行有限元分析的數(shù)學(xué)模型,通過Nastran求解器對模型進(jìn)行求解和分析計(jì)算,得到機(jī)構(gòu)在裝載和行車兩種運(yùn)動狀態(tài)下的應(yīng)力和位移的分布云圖,對分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行靜力學(xué)分析,并確保舉升機(jī)構(gòu)能夠滿足設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn);然后,對舉升機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析,獲得機(jī)構(gòu)前六階固有頻率及振型特征,其結(jié)果表明機(jī)構(gòu)不會產(chǎn)生共振,為舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的動力學(xué)研究奠定了基礎(chǔ);接下來,為提高旋轉(zhuǎn)式舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的工作穩(wěn)定性及可靠性,以及改善旋轉(zhuǎn)式舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的力學(xué)狀態(tài),論文以減小油缸力為優(yōu)化目標(biāo),利用Matlab軟件對機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行仿真模擬優(yōu)化,得出優(yōu)化點(diǎn)與優(yōu)化目標(biāo)的關(guān)系曲線,分析并選出最佳方案,優(yōu)化后的油缸力與初始值相比下降了8.92%;最后,通過對原理樣車進(jìn)行改裝、試驗(yàn),得到了設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)具有可行性的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of national economy, the technical level of modern logistics and transportation industry has been greatly improved, and its influence in commercial competition has become increasingly prominent. Among them, the passenger car transportation mode has good performance in improving the road surface occupancy rate and reducing energy consumption, and has brought higher economic benefits. As a new type of special transport vehicle, commercial chassis transport vehicle is gradually transforming in this direction. Therefore, how to achieve a safety, reliability, mechanism performance stability, pressure resistance high performance semi-trailer has become the focus of the industry. This subject relies on the actual project, designs the front lift mechanism of a commercial transportation semi-trailer, and designs the goose neck of the semi-trailer into a kind of lifting mechanism that can rotate. By changing the angle of the rotary lifting plate, the angle between the lifting plate and the horizontal ground is smaller than the departure angle of the vehicle, so as to ensure that the semi-hanging transport vehicle after loading the vehicle is not super high. Firstly, this paper analyzes and compares the structural characteristics of this kind of transport vehicle at home and abroad, and uses UG software to model the rotating lifting mechanism. The structure is mainly composed of goose neck, main frame, rotating lifting plate, etc. The hydraulic cylinder and wire rope linkage traction device is used to determine the movement state of the mechanism under different working conditions according to the actual requirements. Secondly, the finite element preprocessing of the three-dimensional model of the mechanism is completed by using Hypermesh software. The mathematical model which needs finite element analysis is determined, and the model is solved and analyzed by Nastran solver, and the distribution of stress and displacement of the mechanism in loading and driving state is obtained. The static analysis of the analysis results is carried out to ensure that the lifting mechanism can meet the design criteria. Then, the modal analysis of the lifting mechanism is carried out to obtain the first six natural frequencies and the modal characteristics of the mechanism. The results show that the mechanism does not produce resonance. In order to improve the working stability and reliability of the rotary lift mechanism and improve the mechanical state of the rotary lift mechanism, the paper takes reducing the cylinder force as the optimization goal. By using Matlab software to simulate and optimize the mechanism, the relationship curve between the optimization point and the optimization objective is obtained, and the best scheme is analyzed and selected. The optimized cylinder force is reduced by 8.92% compared with the initial value. The conclusion that the design mechanism is feasible is obtained from the test.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U469.53

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號：2143245