發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-12 04:28

【摘要】：我國(guó)正處于城市發(fā)展的高速時(shí)期,各地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展變化日新月異,城鎮(zhèn)公眾收入水平逐漸提高,對(duì)生活的質(zhì)量提出了新的要求,然而我國(guó)的公共設(shè)施建設(shè)無(wú)法填補(bǔ)人民群眾日益增長(zhǎng)的社會(huì)服務(wù)需求。為改善目前的窘境,各地域政府均著手興建各級(jí)各類工業(yè)、能源或生活服務(wù)等社會(huì)公共服務(wù)設(shè)施,以此來(lái)填補(bǔ)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和民眾生活的需求。隨著這些公共設(shè)施如雨后春筍般得拔地而起,各種矛盾沖突也接踵而來(lái)。如今民眾的環(huán)保意識(shí)和維權(quán)意識(shí)逐漸增強(qiáng),在具有負(fù)外部效應(yīng)的公共設(shè)施(即鄰避設(shè)施)建設(shè)中,受到風(fēng)險(xiǎn)威脅的公眾與該類設(shè)施的矛盾日益尖銳,進(jìn)而可能導(dǎo)致鄰避沖突。近十年頻發(fā)的鄰避沖突已成為社會(huì)矛盾沖突的主要沖突之一,由鄰避沖突引發(fā)的一系列后續(xù)的社會(huì)問(wèn)題也成為政府部門亟待解決的社會(huì)難題。公眾對(duì)鄰避設(shè)施的認(rèn)識(shí)不足,很容易因陌生而產(chǎn)生不確定性的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知,從而容易引起公眾的反對(duì),催生鄰避沖突,因鄰避設(shè)施催生的社會(huì)沖突事件不僅會(huì)阻礙鄰避設(shè)施的建設(shè)以及社會(huì)城市發(fā)展,使公共利益受損,同時(shí)也給社會(huì)秩序穩(wěn)定帶來(lái)巨大的壓力。鄰避設(shè)施建設(shè)與周邊居民的切身利益息息相關(guān),公眾對(duì)鄰避設(shè)施的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知與產(chǎn)生鄰避沖突有著千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系,因此在建設(shè)此類公共設(shè)施的過(guò)程中,應(yīng)對(duì)公眾,尤其是周邊居民心理上的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知狀況有充分和正確理解與把握。然而現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,一些實(shí)際損害很小的“鄰避”問(wèn)題也許會(huì)導(dǎo)致公眾狂躁不安;不同城鎮(zhèn)的人群對(duì)同一“鄰避”問(wèn)題的行為反應(yīng)也大不相同。那么風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知產(chǎn)生的具體原因又有哪些呢?本文主要對(duì)公眾的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知差異進(jìn)行研究,探討是什么具體影響因素使公眾的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知產(chǎn)生如此千變?nèi)f化的差異。本文建立在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知的心理測(cè)量范式及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)放大理論的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)的梳理,選取了鄰避設(shè)施類型、空間距離、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)熟悉程度、程序公正、社會(huì)信任、利益感知與社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)放大等作為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知的影響因素,并提出相應(yīng)的假設(shè),構(gòu)建出本研究的鄰避沖突中公眾風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知影響因素模型,采用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)收集方式,通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)分析得出本文結(jié)論。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)公眾的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知受到程序公正、社會(huì)信任、利益感知、熟悉程度、社會(huì)放大的顯著影響,空間距離與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知的關(guān)系不顯著,此外研究結(jié)果表明社會(huì)放大對(duì)個(gè)體與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)關(guān)系具有調(diào)節(jié)作用。通過(guò)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),性別、年齡、教育背景、職業(yè)和鄰避設(shè)施類型的不同,公眾風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知雖有差異但并不顯著即無(wú)顯著關(guān)系。因此建議政府和相關(guān)管理部門在“鄰避”相關(guān)事件的處理中,應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)有關(guān)鄰避設(shè)施基礎(chǔ)信息的宣傳和普及,并通過(guò)優(yōu)化鄰避設(shè)施決策程序與培育風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理意識(shí)來(lái)提高公眾對(duì)政府的信任,加強(qiáng)對(duì)社會(huì)大眾媒體的規(guī)范管理。
[Abstract]:China is in a period of rapid urban development, the development of cities and towns in various regions is changing with each passing day, and the level of urban public income is gradually improving, which puts forward new requirements for the quality of life. However, the construction of public facilities in our country can not fill the growing demand for social services of the people. In order to improve the current predicament, regional governments have begun to build social and public service facilities such as industries, energy or life services at all levels to fill the needs of social and economic development and people's lives. As these public facilities sprung up like bamboo shoots after a spring rain, conflicts followed. Nowadays, people's awareness of environmental protection and rights protection is gradually enhancing. in the construction of public facilities with negative external effects, the contradiction between the public threatened by risk and this kind of facilities is becoming more and more acute, which may lead to the conflict of neighbors. In recent ten years, the frequent neighbor conflict has become one of the main conflicts of social contradictions and conflicts, and a series of subsequent social problems caused by neighbor avoidance conflicts have become social problems to be solved urgently by government departments. Because of the lack of public understanding of neighborhood facilities, it is easy to produce uncertain risk perception because of strangers, which can easily cause public opposition and give birth to neighbor conflict. The social conflict events caused by neighborhood facilities will not only hinder the construction of neighbor shelter facilities and the development of social cities, damage the public interest, but also bring great pressure to the stability of social order. The construction of neighborhood facilities is closely related to the vital interests of surrounding residents, and the public's risk perception of neighborhood facilities is inextricably linked to the emergence of neighborhood conflicts. Therefore, in the process of building such public facilities, we should fully and correctly understand and grasp the psychological risk perception of the public, especially the surrounding residents. However, in real life, some "neighbor avoidance" problems with little actual damage may lead to public mania, and the behavior response of people in different towns to the same "neighbor avoidance" problem is also very different. So what are the specific reasons for risk perception? This paper mainly studies the difference of risk perception of the public, and discusses what specific influencing factors make the risk perception of the public produce such a ever-changing difference. Based on the psychological measurement paradigm of risk perception and the theory of risk amplification, this paper selects the types of neighborhood facilities, spatial distance, risk familiarity, procedural justice, social trust, interest perception and social risk amplification as the influencing factors of risk perception, and puts forward the corresponding assumptions, and constructs the influencing factors model of public risk perception in neighborhood conflict. The data collection method of questionnaire survey is used to draw the conclusion of this paper through data analysis. In this study, it is found that the risk perception of the public is significantly affected by procedural justice, social trust, interest perception, familiarity and social magnification, and the relationship between spatial distance and risk perception is not significant. In addition, the results show that social amplification plays a regulatory role in the relationship between individual and risk. Through the further analysis of the data, it is found that there are differences in public risk perception between gender, age, educational background, occupation and neighborhood facilities, but there is no significant relationship between them. Therefore, it is suggested that the government and relevant management departments should strengthen the propaganda and popularization of the basic information about neighborhood facilities in the handling of "neighbor avoidance" related events, and enhance public trust in the government and strengthen the standardized management of social mass media by optimizing the decision-making procedures of neighborhood facilities and cultivating risk management awareness.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D630

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本文編號(hào)：2497730