美國(guó)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-29 10:25
【摘要】：19世紀(jì)中葉以來，隨著工業(yè)化與國(guó)際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，勞動(dòng)分工國(guó)際化，世界范圍內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系不斷加強(qiáng)，導(dǎo)致世界性經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)爆發(fā)，大量工人失業(yè)，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力遭到極大破壞，社會(huì)穩(wěn)定也因而受到威脅；而且此時(shí)由于機(jī)器的替代，工人的利益受到威脅，廣大工人開始團(tuán)結(jié)起來爭(zhēng)取生活保障；加之經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的發(fā)展促使各國(guó)從理論上認(rèn)識(shí)到制定以充分就業(yè)為目標(biāo)的政策的重要性。由此，各國(guó)開始關(guān)注失業(yè)問題，采納各種減緩失業(yè)的政策措施，失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。 我國(guó)的失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度自1986年正式建立至今，經(jīng)過不斷的發(fā)展與完善，對(duì)我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展起到了一定的積極作用：促進(jìn)了勞動(dòng)力的合理流動(dòng)、促進(jìn)了國(guó)有企業(yè)的深化改革、有助于收入的合理分配、促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革尤其是勞動(dòng)制度改革的進(jìn)行等。但同時(shí)我們也看到，目前的制度還不是盡善盡美，，還存在失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)覆蓋范圍過窄、待遇水平較低、再就業(yè)促進(jìn)功能弱、統(tǒng)籌層次低等問題。 相對(duì)而言，美國(guó)的失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度自1935年建立以來，經(jīng)過70多年的發(fā)展與不斷完善，在聯(lián)邦政府與州政府的共同管理之下，其失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度覆蓋范圍較廣，對(duì)于預(yù)防失業(yè)、促進(jìn)就業(yè)的功能較強(qiáng)，逐漸發(fā)展成為一種社會(huì)深層安全網(wǎng)與經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定器。我國(guó)同美國(guó)一樣，幅員遼闊，地區(qū)間發(fā)展水平不一，因而不能實(shí)行完全統(tǒng)一的失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)政策，不能全國(guó)各地區(qū)“一刀切”，這就為我國(guó)借鑒美國(guó)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度提供了可行性與現(xiàn)實(shí)可操作性。 本文正是出于學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的考量，通過介紹美國(guó)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度的發(fā)展歷程、制度框架、基本內(nèi)容等方面，對(duì)美國(guó)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度的特色進(jìn)行分析研究，再結(jié)合中國(guó)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度的現(xiàn)狀與我國(guó)具體國(guó)情，以期能夠?qū)γ绹?guó)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度中較為成功的方面加以學(xué)習(xí)，從而對(duì)中國(guó)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度的不斷完善提供參考和借鑒。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of the 19th century, with the development of industrialization and international trade, the internationalization of division of labor and the strengthening of economic ties in the world, the world economic crisis broke out, a large number of workers lost their jobs, and the social productive forces were greatly damaged. Social stability is also threatened; At this time, because of the substitution of machines, the interests of workers are threatened, and the vast number of workers begin to unite for living security; in addition, the development of economic theory urges countries to realize theoretically the importance of formulating policies aiming at full employment. As a result, countries began to pay attention to unemployment, adopt various measures to alleviate unemployment, unemployment insurance system came into being. Since its formal establishment in 1986, the unemployment insurance system in China has played a positive role in the economic and social development of our country through continuous development and improvement: it has promoted the rational flow of labor force and the deepening reform of state-owned enterprises. It contributes to the rational distribution of income and promotes the reform of economic system, especially the reform of labor system. But at the same time, we also see that the current system is not perfect, there are still some problems such as narrow coverage of unemployment insurance, low level of treatment, weak function of re-employment promotion, low level of overall planning, and so on. Comparatively speaking, the unemployment insurance system of the United States has been established since 1935, after more than 70 years of development and continuous improvement, under the joint management of the federal government and the state government, its unemployment insurance system covers a wide range, which can prevent unemployment. The function of promoting employment is stronger, and it has gradually developed into a kind of deep social safety net and economic stabilizer. China, like the United States, has a vast territory and different levels of development among regions. Therefore, it cannot implement a completely unified unemployment insurance policy, nor can it be "one-size-fits-all" in all regions of the country. This provides the feasibility and practical maneuverability for our country to draw lessons from the American unemployment insurance system. Based on the study experience, this paper analyzes the characteristics of American unemployment insurance system by introducing the development course, institutional framework and basic contents of the unemployment insurance system in the United States. Combined with the current situation of China's unemployment insurance system and the specific conditions of our country, we hope to learn from the more successful aspects of the American unemployment insurance system, thus providing reference and reference for the continuous improvement of China's unemployment insurance system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F842.61;F841.61
本文編號(hào)：2364741
[Abstract]:Since the middle of the 19th century, with the development of industrialization and international trade, the internationalization of division of labor and the strengthening of economic ties in the world, the world economic crisis broke out, a large number of workers lost their jobs, and the social productive forces were greatly damaged. Social stability is also threatened; At this time, because of the substitution of machines, the interests of workers are threatened, and the vast number of workers begin to unite for living security; in addition, the development of economic theory urges countries to realize theoretically the importance of formulating policies aiming at full employment. As a result, countries began to pay attention to unemployment, adopt various measures to alleviate unemployment, unemployment insurance system came into being. Since its formal establishment in 1986, the unemployment insurance system in China has played a positive role in the economic and social development of our country through continuous development and improvement: it has promoted the rational flow of labor force and the deepening reform of state-owned enterprises. It contributes to the rational distribution of income and promotes the reform of economic system, especially the reform of labor system. But at the same time, we also see that the current system is not perfect, there are still some problems such as narrow coverage of unemployment insurance, low level of treatment, weak function of re-employment promotion, low level of overall planning, and so on. Comparatively speaking, the unemployment insurance system of the United States has been established since 1935, after more than 70 years of development and continuous improvement, under the joint management of the federal government and the state government, its unemployment insurance system covers a wide range, which can prevent unemployment. The function of promoting employment is stronger, and it has gradually developed into a kind of deep social safety net and economic stabilizer. China, like the United States, has a vast territory and different levels of development among regions. Therefore, it cannot implement a completely unified unemployment insurance policy, nor can it be "one-size-fits-all" in all regions of the country. This provides the feasibility and practical maneuverability for our country to draw lessons from the American unemployment insurance system. Based on the study experience, this paper analyzes the characteristics of American unemployment insurance system by introducing the development course, institutional framework and basic contents of the unemployment insurance system in the United States. Combined with the current situation of China's unemployment insurance system and the specific conditions of our country, we hope to learn from the more successful aspects of the American unemployment insurance system, thus providing reference and reference for the continuous improvement of China's unemployment insurance system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F842.61;F841.61
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 劉宇棟;;美國(guó)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度與政策借鑒[J];西部財(cái)會(huì);2007年09期
2 楊輝;張蓉蓉;;論我國(guó)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)功能的缺陷與完善[J];行政與法;2011年02期
本文編號(hào)：2364741
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