發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-27 12:55

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 碳排放配額 總量控制交易 供給機(jī)制 總量設(shè)定 配額分配 配額調(diào)整　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：對(duì)任何一個(gè)碳排放交易體系來(lái)說(shuō),成功的關(guān)鍵在于通過(guò)碳排放配額供給機(jī)制,創(chuàng)造和維持排放配額的稀缺性,這決定著是否能實(shí)現(xiàn)有效減排和配額市場(chǎng)穩(wěn)定。本文圍繞如何設(shè)計(jì)有效的碳排放配額供給機(jī)制這一核心問(wèn)題,通過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的理論方法與統(tǒng)計(jì)分析工具,提出并分析碳排放配額供給機(jī)制的構(gòu)成要素。主要觀點(diǎn)有:(1)碳排放配額供給機(jī)制包括配額的總量設(shè)定機(jī)制、配額的分配機(jī)制、配額的調(diào)整機(jī)制,三種機(jī)制分別代表配額的產(chǎn)生、分配和再分配;(2)配額的總量設(shè)定需要綜合考慮本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和環(huán)境保護(hù),以及國(guó)際減排公約,結(jié)合自身減排需要和國(guó)際減排壓力,制定本國(guó)的強(qiáng)度或絕對(duì)量減排目標(biāo),確定配額總量;(3)為保證排放限額制定的獨(dú)立性和抗干擾性,減少政策的尋租空間,應(yīng)由立法機(jī)構(gòu)制定排放配額限額總量,并輔以棘輪機(jī)制,可以隨著情況變化自動(dòng)調(diào)整;(4)在主要的配額分配方式中,拍賣(mài)法是最具成本效率優(yōu)勢(shì)的分配方法,可以避免免費(fèi)分配的復(fù)雜性和高成本,以及由此帶來(lái)的意外收益對(duì)交易體系的扭曲;(5)配額的調(diào)整機(jī)制是重要的配額再分配機(jī)制,對(duì)穩(wěn)定配額價(jià)格、適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)和減排政策變化、保證履約十分重要。對(duì)配額的調(diào)整可以從供給端和需求端分別進(jìn)行,并以供給端的配額調(diào)整機(jī)制為主。配額調(diào)整機(jī)制的核心是界定合理的過(guò)剩配額數(shù)量范圍。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)研究對(duì)比歐盟ETS、澳大利亞ETS、加州ETS和東京都ETS四種有代表性的配額供給機(jī)制,以及中國(guó)七個(gè)試點(diǎn)省市的ETS實(shí)踐,提出我國(guó)碳排放配額供給機(jī)制應(yīng)分四個(gè)階段逐步走向完善。同時(shí),以2030年碳排放達(dá)到峰值年為分界點(diǎn)。在達(dá)峰前,根據(jù)強(qiáng)度減排目標(biāo)確定配額總量,分配以免費(fèi)分配為主,逐步向拍賣(mài)過(guò)渡,并遞進(jìn)式的設(shè)計(jì)靈活性機(jī)制;在達(dá)峰之后,根據(jù)絕對(duì)量減排目標(biāo)確定配額總量,分配以拍賣(mài)為主,實(shí)施完善的靈活性機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:For any carbon trading system, the key to success is to create and maintain the scarcity of emissions quotas through the carbon quota supply mechanism. This determines whether effective emission reduction and quota market stability can be realized. This paper focuses on how to design an effective carbon emission quota supply mechanism through the theoretical methods of economics and statistical analysis tools. Put forward and analyze the elements of carbon emission quota supply mechanism. The main viewpoints are: 1) carbon emission quota supply mechanism includes total quota setting mechanism, quota allocation mechanism, quota adjusting mechanism, three mechanisms representing the production of quotas, respectively. The allocation and redistribution of the total amount of the quota need to take into account national economic growth and environmental protection, as well as international emission reduction conventions, and set national intensity or absolute emission reduction targets in the light of their own emission reduction needs and international emission reduction pressures, In order to ensure the independence and anti-interference of the emission quota formulation and reduce the rent-seeking space of the policy, it is necessary for the legislature to formulate the total amount of the emission quota quota, supplemented by the ratcheting mechanism. The auction method is the most cost-effective method of allocation, avoiding the complexity and high cost of free distribution. The adjustment mechanism of quota is an important mechanism of quota redistribution, which can stabilize quota price and adapt to market and emission reduction policy changes. The quota adjustment can be carried out separately from the supply side and the demand side, and the quota adjustment mechanism on the supply side is the main one. The core of the quota adjustment mechanism is to define the reasonable range of excess quota quantity. By studying and comparing the four representative quota supply mechanisms of European Union ETS, Australia ETS, California ETS and Tokyo Tokyo ETS, as well as the ETS practice in seven pilot provinces and cities in China, The paper puts forward that the supply mechanism of carbon emission quota in China should be perfected in four stages. At the same time, taking the peak year of carbon emissions in 2030 as the dividing point, before the peak, the total quantity of quota should be determined according to the intensity emission reduction target, and the distribution should be mainly free distribution. Step by step to auction, and progressive design flexibility mechanism; after the peak, according to the absolute emission reduction target to determine the total amount of quotas, allocation based on auction, the implementation of a complete flexibility mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X196;F831.5
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本文編號(hào)：1542761