發(fā)布時間：2018-06-25 22:48

  本文選題：量子超材料 + 超導量子干涉器　； 參考：《湖南師范大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：超材料指的是一些具有人工設計的結構并呈現(xiàn)出天然材料所不具備的超常物理性質的復合材料。超材料具備天然材料所不具備的特殊性質,而且這些性質主要來自人工的特殊結構。超材料是通過在多種物理結構上的設計來突破某些表觀自然規(guī)律的限制,從而獲得超常的材料功能。超材料的出現(xiàn)表明可人工獲得與自然界中的物質具有迥然不同的超常物理性質的“新物質”,把功能材料的設計和開發(fā)帶入一個嶄新的天地。對于電磁超材料,以往人們分析問題都是從麥克斯韋方程出發(fā),結構簡單時問題的復雜度還可以接受,但是結構一復雜起來,就能難以分析。超材料的話就不管最小單元里面的結構有多復雜,只管其整體等效出來的電磁參數(shù),這種等效并且具有很高的精確度,這就大大降低了材料設計的復雜度。另一方面,超材料的出現(xiàn)也極大擴展了人們對電磁材料的選擇范圍,從負值到正值,從無窮小到無窮大,從單負材料到雙負材料,從均勻的材料到漸變的材料,等等。這都是超材料的貢獻。當然這個概念也不僅限于電磁波,它已經延伸到了聲波,熱傳導,靜電場,靜磁場,地震波,等等。這個種設計微觀結構來控制其宏觀特性的思維被廣泛應用到各種領域。量子超材料把超材料開展到了量子層次。它可以利用量子力學規(guī)律和方法來操控超材料中電磁波的傳播和量子態(tài)。因此,量子超材料體系不僅要滿足麥克斯韋Maxwell方程,還有滿足Schr?dinger方程。量子超材料體系的性質可反映其在微納尺度上電磁波和物質波共存的特征。量子超材料本質上是具有空間上擴展性的量子體系,它允許在量子力學層次操控電磁波在其中的傳播。它具有以下三個特征:(1)由具有可操控參數(shù)的相干量子單元器件組成;(2)相干量子單元器件的量子態(tài)具有可操控性;(3)相干量子單元器件應該具有較長的量子相干性時間。本文研究以超導量子干涉器(SQUID)為基本單元的量子超材料體系的非經典特性。具體研究了SQUID量子超材料體系中光場的非經典性質、SQUID超材料的非經典性質以及光與SQUID量子超材料之間的量子關聯(lián)和量子糾纏。本文的組織結構如下:第一章介紹本文的研究背景和現(xiàn)狀。在簡單介紹了超導傳輸線的量子化過程和兩種類型的SQUID,系統(tǒng)討論了SQUID量子超材料的經典描述和量子描述。第二章研究SQUID量子超材料體系中光場的非經典性質。在SQUID量子超材料體系的量子動力學的基礎上,選擇幾種典型的初態(tài)研究SQUID量子超材料體系中光子的非經典統(tǒng)計性質和光場的正交壓縮特性。第三章研究SQUID量子超材料自身的非經典性質。通過引入SQUID量子超材料的集體算符把SQUID量子超材料體系轉化為一個有效的單模玻色子系統(tǒng),研究了SQUID量子超材料集體激發(fā)的量子統(tǒng)計性和量子壓縮特性。第四章研究光場與SQUID超材料之間的量子關聯(lián)和量子糾纏。對于幾種典型的初態(tài)計算了光場與SQUID超材料之間的二階交叉關聯(lián)函數(shù),討論了Cauchy-Schwarz不等式違背的條件,即出現(xiàn)非經典關聯(lián)的條件。研究了光場和SQUID超材料的量子糾纏動力學性質。第五章是本文的結和展望。
[Abstract]:Supermaterial refers to a number of composite materials with artificially designed structures and unusually physical properties that natural materials do not possess. Supermaterials have special properties that natural materials do not possess, and these properties are mainly derived from artificial special structures. Supermaterials are through the design of a variety of physical structures to break some of them. The emergence of supermaterials shows that the design and development of functional materials can be brought into a new world. The complexity of the problem is still acceptable when the Maxwell equation is simple, but it is difficult to analyze the complexity of the structure when the structure is complicated. The complexity of the design. On the other hand, the appearance of supermaterials also greatly expanded the selection range of electromagnetic materials, from negative to positive, from infinitesimal to infinity, from single to double negative material, from uniform material to gradual material, etc., which are all contributions of supermaterials. It has been extended to sound waves, heat conduction, electrostatic fields, static magnetic fields, seismic waves and so on. This kind of thinking that designs microstructures to control their macroscopic properties is widely used in various fields. Quantum supermaterials carry supermaterials to the quantum level. It can use quantum mechanics laws and methods to manipulate the propagation of electromagnetic waves in supermaterials and to control the propagation of electromagnetic waves in supermaterials. Quantum state. Therefore, the quantum supermaterial system not only satisfies the Maxwell Maxwell equation, but also satisfies the Schr? Dinger equation. The properties of the quantum supermaterial system can reflect the characteristics of the coexistence of electromagnetic wave and material wave on the micro and nanoscale. The quantum supermaterial is essentially a quantum system with spatial extensibility, which allows the quantum mechanics to be in quantum mechanics. The layer controls the propagation of electromagnetic waves in it. It has the following three characteristics: (1) composed of coherent quantum cell devices with manipulable parameters; (2) the quantum state of the coherent quantum cell device has controllability; (3) the coherent quantum cell device should have a long quantum coherence time. This paper studies the superconducting quantum interference (SQUID) quantum interferometer. For the nonclassical properties of the quantum supermaterial system of the basic unit, the nonclassical properties of the light field in the SQUID quantum supermaterial system, the non classical properties of the SQUID supermaterials and the quantum correlation and quantum entanglement between the light and the SQUID quantum supermaterials are studied. The structure of this paper is as follows: the first chapter introduces the background and the present study of this paper. The quantization process of superconducting transmission lines and the two types of SQUID are briefly introduced. The classical description and quantum description of SQUID quantum supermaterials are discussed systematically. The second chapter studies the nonclassical properties of the light field in the SQUID quantum supermaterial system. On the basis of the quantum dynamics of the SQUID quantum supermaterial system, the selection of several typical initial The non classical statistical properties of photons in SQUID quantum supermaterial system and the orthogonal compression properties of the light field are studied. The third chapter studies the nonclassical properties of SQUID quantum supermaterials themselves. By introducing the collective operator of SQUID quantum supermaterials to transform the SQUID quantum supermaterial system into an effective single mode boson system, the SQUID quantity is studied. The quantum statistics and quantum squeezing properties of the Zi Chao material are collectively excited. The fourth chapter studies the quantum correlation and quantum entanglement between the light field and the SQUID supermaterial. For several typical initial states, we calculate the two order cross correlation function between the light field and the SQUID supermaterial, and discuss the conditions for the violation of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, that is, the non classical form appears. The quantum entanglement dynamics of light field and SQUID metamaterials are studied. The fifth chapter is the conclusion and Prospect of this paper.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：O413;TB39

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