單個半導體納米晶多激子相關性質(zhì)的研究
[Abstract]:Semiconductor nanocrystals are a class of nano-semiconductor materials consisting of ~100-10 000 atoms with a typical size of 1-10 nm. The size of nanocrystals is smaller than or similar to the exciton Bohr radius, so they belong to the quantum confined material system. Because of the positive correlation between the confinement degree of nanocrystals, we can adjust the band structure of nanocrystals by changing the size and shape of nanocrystals. The discrete energy levels make the intermittence Auger interaction of carriers no longer restricted by the momentum conservation condition, and the nanocrystalline size enlarges the wave function overlap and Coulomb interaction between carriers, which leads to this. Rapid Auger recombination inhibits the radiative recombination of multiple excitons, making semiconductor nanocrystals an ideal single photon source. At the same time, strong Auger recombination promotes the collision ionization process and enhances the carrier multiplication efficiency of nanocrystals. For example, in the field of LED, high quality white light source can be obtained by controlling the luminous color of nanocrystals through the limited effect of nanocrystals; in the field of quantum information, semiconductor nanocrystals are good single photon source at room temperature; in the field of solar cells and photodetectors, nanocrystals have high efficiency of carrier doubling efficiency. In this paper, we mainly study the properties of single semiconductor nanocrystalline polyexciton, including single photon emission, fluorescence scintillation, spectral drift, CdSe nanocrystalline polyexciton recombination, carrier multiplication process. In the second chapter, we mainly study single CsPbBr_3 nanocrystalline. Optical properties. Firstly, CsPbBr_3 nanocrystals with an average size of 9.4 nm were synthesized by chemical method. The size of CsPbBr_3 nanocrystals is close to the exciton Bohr radius. Therefore, CsPbBr_3 nanocrystals belong to a quantum confined system. At room temperature, CsPbBr_3 nanocrystals exhibit fluorescence scintillation phenomena. These random dark states originate from the non-radiation of charged excitons. Fluorescence quenching induced by Auger recombination. Auger effect also inhibits the radiative recombination of multiple excitons. The single photon emission properties of CsPbBr_3 nanocrystals are determined by measuring the second-order correlation function. The fluorescence wavelength of perovskite nanocrystals can be controlled artificially by quantum confinement effect and changing the composition of halogen elements (Cl, Br, I), which makes it possible to control the emission of CsPbBr_3 nanocrystals artificially. Perovskite nanocrystals are powerful competitors for single photon sources. At low temperatures, the fluorescence spectra of single CsPbBr_3 nanocrystals exhibit spectral drift, which results in a relatively wide spectral linewidth of 1meV. CsPbBr_3 nanocrystals exhibiting optical properties similar to those of traditional metal sulfide nanocrystals. Advantages: The absorption cross section of CsPbBr_3 nanocrystals is two orders of magnitude larger than that of conventional nanocrystals, and the fast radiation recombination of CsPbBr_3 nanocrystals also leads to higher single photon emission efficiency. In the charged state, if two photons are absorbed at the same time, the charged double exciton state is formed. The charged double exciton state is formed by Auger process, and the charged single exciton state is recombined by Auger process. We measure the fluorescence of a single elongated CdSe nanocrystal. In addition to the bright and dark states of the fluorescence scintillation, a gray state with fluorescence intensity between the two states appears in the fluorescence scintillation curve at high power. The gray state originates from the double exciton Auger interaction of the negatively charged nanocrystals which absorb two photons at the same time. The second-order correlation function confirms that it originates from the radiative recombination of the negatively charged double excitons, and the decay curve of the single-exponential fluorescence intensity of the gray state implies that the photons emitted by the nanocrystals have the same fluorescence lifetime. The carrier multiplication effect in a single CdSe nanocrystal is studied by means of single molecule spectroscopy. For ordinary semiconductor nanocrystals, the Auger recombination lifetime of charged and neutral excitons is generally in the order of sub-nanosecond, which is much shorter than the radiation recombination lifetime of tens of nanoseconds of neutral excitons. Ultra-fast spectroscopy is difficult to accurately distinguish the true carrier multiplication signal related to double-exciton Auger recombination and the false carrier multiplication signal related to charged exciton Auger recombination. The average carrier multiplication efficiency of CdSe nanocrystals is 20.2% at 266 nm (photon energy 2.46 times band gap energy) based on the measurement of carrier multiplication efficiency of a large number of single nanocrystals.
【學位授予單位】:南京大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:TN304
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