發(fā)布時間：2018-09-17 08:28

【摘要】：晶體振蕩器廣泛應(yīng)用于宇航、儀器儀表、雷達、通信等領(lǐng)域。溫度補償晶體振蕩器具有功耗低、啟動迅速、便于集成等優(yōu)勢,是目前常用的振蕩器之一。本文首先研究了晶體諧振器串聯(lián)負載電容的等效變換。前人們采用近似計算,并對此等效變換做了一些研究。本文在推導(dǎo)過程中發(fā)現(xiàn):提取復(fù)阻抗方程的隱含條件后,即使不采用近似計算,一個方程也能求解四個未知數(shù)。其中的隱含條件為:復(fù)阻抗方程對任意頻率皆成立。最終,本文證明了此種等效變換的適用范圍與諧振器Q值、諧振頻率、電容比等都無關(guān),且適用于符合Butterworth-Van Dyke(BVD)模型的所有壓電諧振器。然后,本文研究了基于零相位頻率的晶體諧振器等效參數(shù)測量方法。早期人們采用晶體阻抗計測量等效參數(shù),目前國際電工委員會推薦使用矢量網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析儀測量等效參數(shù)。由于采用了近似計算,在諧振器Q值較低時,上述方法的理論誤差變大。本文提出了一種基于諧振頻率、反諧振頻率、負載諧振頻率、負載反諧振頻率測量晶體諧振器等效參數(shù)的方法。由于推導(dǎo)過程中沒有近似計算,所以本方法不受諧振器Q值影響,仿真實驗也驗證了這一點。通過相位-頻率曲線的導(dǎo)數(shù)方程解決了頻率隨機游動與負載電容標稱值不精確問題之后,本文測量了一個5MHz晶體諧振器與一個10MHz晶體諧振器的等效參數(shù)。測試結(jié)果表明,本文方法所測等效參數(shù)與供應(yīng)商提供的等效參數(shù)基本一致。由于這兩個諧振器的M值、Q值皆較高,因而供應(yīng)商的測試誤差也會較小。因此,實測實驗間接證明了本方法的有效性。本方法通過頻率測量動態(tài)電阻R1,而頻率是目前測量最準的物理量之一,因此本方法對提高測試精度有一定的益處。除此之外,比較成熟的頻率測量方法也使得本方法操作較為簡便。本文在理論上驗證了此方法的優(yōu)勢,初步實驗也驗證了其可行性。接下來,本文分析了影響溫度補償晶體振蕩器頻率溫度穩(wěn)定度的主要因素——溫滯效應(yīng)。通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),傳感器一維溫度信息不能完整描述諧振器四維溫度分布。這導(dǎo)致了同一溫度對應(yīng)不同的輸出頻率。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出了一種實時溫度補償方法,以保持測試環(huán)境的一致性。然后,本文設(shè)計了一種100MHz低相噪溫度補償晶體振蕩器。實驗結(jié)果表明,本實驗原型的頻率溫度穩(wěn)定度、相位噪聲達到或超過國際同類產(chǎn)品。文末,本文分析了Trim效應(yīng)。通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn):Trim效應(yīng)的原因是壓控振蕩器壓控特性曲線的非線性。一個初步的實驗也驗證了此種推斷。最后,本文分析了二維補償技術(shù)使溫度補償晶體振蕩器輸出多個頻率的可能性。
[Abstract]:Crystal oscillators are widely used in aerospace, instrumentation, radar, communications and other fields. Temperature-compensated crystal oscillator is one of the commonly used oscillators because of its advantages of low power consumption, quick starting and easy integration. In this paper, the equivalent transformation of the series load capacitor of crystal resonator is studied. Previous people used approximate calculation, and did some research on the equivalent transformation. In this paper, it is found that after extracting the implicit conditions of complex impedance equation, even if the approximate calculation is not used, one equation can solve four unknowns. The implicit condition is that the complex impedance equation holds for any frequency. Finally, it is proved that the applicable range of the equivalent transformation is independent of the resonator Q value, resonant frequency, capacitance ratio and so on, and it is suitable for all piezoelectric resonators in accordance with the Butterworth-Van Dyke (BVD) model. Then, the method of measuring the equivalent parameters of crystal resonator based on zero phase frequency is studied. In the early stage, the crystal impedance meter was used to measure the equivalent parameters, and the current International Electrotechnical Commission recommended the use of vector network analyzer to measure the equivalent parameters. Because of the approximate calculation, the theoretical error of the above method becomes larger when the Q value of the resonator is low. In this paper, a method for measuring the equivalent parameters of crystal resonator based on resonant frequency, antiresonant frequency and load antiresonant frequency is presented. Since there is no approximate calculation in the derivation, the method is not affected by the resonator Q value, and the simulation results show that this method is not affected by the Q value of the resonator. After solving the problem of random walk of frequency and imprecision of nominal value of load capacitance by derivative equation of phase frequency curve, the equivalent parameters of a 5MHz crystal resonator and a 10MHz crystal resonator are measured in this paper. The test results show that the equivalent parameters measured by this method are basically consistent with those provided by suppliers. Because the M value and Q value of the two resonators are both high, the testing error of the supplier will be smaller. Therefore, the effectiveness of the method is proved indirectly by the experimental results. The dynamic resistance R1 is measured by frequency, and the frequency is one of the most accurate physical quantities, so this method can improve the precision of measurement. In addition, the more mature frequency measurement method also makes this method easier to operate. In this paper, the advantages of this method are theoretically verified, and the feasibility of the method is verified by preliminary experiments. Then, the temperature hysteresis effect, which is the main factor affecting the temperature stability of the temperature compensated crystal oscillator, is analyzed. It is found that the one-dimensional temperature information of the sensor can not completely describe the four-dimensional temperature distribution of the resonator. This results in a different output frequency at the same temperature. On this basis, a real-time temperature compensation method is proposed to maintain the consistency of the test environment. Then, a 100MHz low phase noise temperature compensated crystal oscillator is designed. The experimental results show that the frequency and temperature stability and phase noise of the prototype reach or exceed those of the international products. At the end of the paper, the Trim effect is analyzed. It is found that the reason of the ratio Trim effect is the nonlinearity of the voltage-control characteristic curve of the VCO. A preliminary experiment also verifies this inference. Finally, the possibility of using two-dimensional compensation technique to output multiple frequencies of temperature compensated crystal oscillator is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN752

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本文編號：2245303