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  本文關鍵詞：高速精密紡織機械專用軸承的研究　出處：《浙江大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】：隨著紡紗機械不斷向輕型化、多功能和高速化以及高可靠性方向發(fā)展,對其配套軸承的結構、性能與可靠性都提出了更高的要求。由于精密角接觸球軸承具有高速、高剛度和長壽命等特點,在高速精密紡織機械中得以成功應用,但由于這類軸承的設計、制造的技術難度大,目前主要依賴進口。為此,本文以高速精密角接觸球軸承為研究對象,結合企業(yè)的實際需求,展開其結構設計與優(yōu)化、工藝分析與改進以及試驗等研究工作,為實現其國產化提供技術支持。 1)首先介紹了本論文的研究的主要內容及選擇的背景,國內高速精密紡織機械專用軸承的研究和開發(fā)起步較晚,在軸承的設計技術、加工工藝、密封結構、潤滑性能以及專用檢測技術和試驗技術等方面還在探索階段,目前只是停留在經驗設計和類比設計階段,研制開發(fā)過程中的關鍵技術缺乏必要的理論支撐和試驗依據。而隨著我國工業(yè)現代化的發(fā)展,對零部件的要求也越來越高,同時也應享有自主的知識產權,開發(fā)和制造高可靠性、高精度的紡織機械專用軸承。 2)通過對高速精密紡織機械專用軸承內部結構及性能特點進行分析,闡述了軸承優(yōu)化設計的一般步驟,并重點分析了軸承內部保持架的運動及對軸承性能的影響。并在現有的軸承設計中通過優(yōu)化設計軸承保持架來進一步提高軸承性能,滿足客戶的使用需求。通過在原有軸承設計上,優(yōu)化軸承內部保持架的結構,根據軸承內部保持架的運動特點增加保持架的引導槽、引導角來降低軸承內部的摩擦力矩。從而進一步提高軸承壽命。 3)分析高速精密紡織機械專用軸承的靜動態(tài)分析,采用有限元的分析方法,利用計算機軟件計算軸承內部承載情況,通過模擬分析各個不同加載情況來比較軸承內部不同受力情況,為進一步優(yōu)化設計提供理論數據支持,在給定不同載荷、轉速及溫升等條件下(5種邊界條件),對軸承的靜動態(tài)性能進行分析,并得出不同條件下軸承內部承載情況,其中熱載荷對軸承的影響較大,所以在設計中應重點考慮怎樣充分的潤滑,改進產品結構降低軸承內部的摩擦,使軸承旋轉中能充分降低軸承溫升,并驗證本文提出的保持架優(yōu)化結構設計。 4)重點分析高速精密紡織機械專用軸承制造加工過程中的工藝,高速精密紡織機械專用軸承不但要有好的設計方法,好的設計理念,更重要的是要能夠實施,能夠加工出來滿足設計要求的產品,因此對熱處理的工藝控制、硬車削工藝、超精工藝、表面強化處理工藝的重點分析,并為滿足產品的質量要求,進行工藝上的改進及工藝參數的優(yōu)化。首先熱處理并采用真空淬火、增加冷處理的工藝,減低殘余奧氏體含量、消除軸承內部殘余應力,提高軸承使用壽命；其次在硬車削工序進行試驗設計DOE的參數選擇,來選取最優(yōu)參數組合,合理的設計工藝留量,來保證軸承外徑環(huán)槽尺寸精度,使軸承運轉過程中更穩(wěn)定；之后對超精工藝分析及改進,為提高軸承的使用壽命,通過超精工裝的改進減小溝道的溝型誤差,使其溝型誤差減少50%,保證批次的一致性,這對保證整批軸承的壽命的一致性大有好處；同時通過溝道表面硬化處理,使溝道表面得到壓應力來提高使用壽命；合理的配置了工藝參數,針對存在的問題進行改進,從加工工藝方面提高軸承的使用壽命。 5)對高速精密紡織機械專用軸承進行性能試驗,來驗證設計及制造的軸承是否滿足客戶的需求,同時也給進一步優(yōu)化提供數據,使之不斷提升。通過對8組樣品的一年多時間持續(xù)監(jiān)控來確定軸承的使用壽命,BN35-8V/P2及軸承的速度參數dm*n值已達到48*25000:1.2X106mm*r/min,溫升最高15℃.最小壽命8592h,完全滿足客戶的7200h要求,達到了預期的目的。說明此產品是成功的,從結構改進,制造加工技術都是比較先進的。 6)總結全文并對高速精密紡織機械專用軸承的發(fā)展提出了期望,同時也指出了目前國內在高速精密紡機專用軸承的產品發(fā)展現狀。 在高速精密角接觸球軸承的設計中,采用擬靜力學設計理論,同時引入“外圈溝道控制假說”,建立函數和數學模型,對軸承主要參數進行優(yōu)化設計,提出了高速精密紡機角接觸球軸承的設計方法；同時還通過試驗、試制得出了一整套完備的加工工藝,使得在目前工藝裝備情況下達到設計要求。試驗表明,研制的BN35-8V/P2軸承的主要性能指標達到了甚至超過了國際著名的軸承公司的同類產品的先進水平,從而驗證了設計優(yōu)化方法及工藝方法的先進性及實用性。高速精密紡織機械專用軸承在國內主要依賴進口,本論文所取得的技術成果對提高我國軸承產品設計與制造水平具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:With the continuous spinning machine to light, multifunction and high speed and high reliability direction, supporting structure on the bearing performance and reliability, higher requirements are put forward. The precision angular contact ball bearings with high speed, and long life characteristics of Gao Gang, has been successfully used in high speed precision textile machinery but, because of the design of this type of bearing, the technical difficulty of manufacturing, mainly rely on imports. Therefore, in this paper, a high speed angular contact ball bearing as the research object, combined with the actual needs of enterprises, the structure design and optimization, work process analysis and improvement and test, provide technical support for the realization of the localization.
1) first introduced the main content and the choice of the research background of the research and development of domestic start high speed precision textile machinery special bearings in the late bearing design technology, machining process, sealing structure, lubrication performance and special exploration in aspects of detection technology and testing technology, currently only stay in experience design and analogy design stage, key technology research and development process of the lack of theoretical support and experimental basis necessary. And with the development of China's industrial modernization, the parts are increasingly high requirements, but also should have the independent intellectual property rights, development and manufacture of high reliability, special textile machinery bearings with high precision.
2) based on the high speed precision textile machinery special bearing internal structure and performance characteristic analysis, elaborated the general steps of optimization design of the bearing, and analyzes the bearing cage movement and the influence on the bearing performance and the bearing design. In the current through the optimization design of bearing cage to further improve bearing performance, meet the use of customer demand. The original bearing design, optimization of bearing cage structure, according to the motion characteristics of the bearing is maintained inside the frame increased to maintain guide groove frame, guide angle to reduce the friction torque of bearings in the Department. In order to further improve the bearing life.
3) the analysis of static and dynamic analysis of high speed precision textile machinery special bearings, using the finite element analysis method, calculation of bearing load by using the computer software, through the simulation analysis of different loading conditions to compare the different internal bearing force, to provide theoretical data support for further optimization design, given the different load, speed and temperature l condition (5 boundary conditions), analysis on static and dynamic performance of the bearing, and the bearing internal bearing under different conditions, the influence of thermal load on the bearing, so the design should focus on how to fully improve the lubrication, reducing internal friction bearing product structure, so that the bearing can be fully to reduce the temperature of bearings in the rotating frame, and verify the optimized structure design and maintain in this paper.
4) analysis technology of high speed precision textile machinery special bearing manufacturing process on high speed precision textile machinery special bearing not only have a good design, good design, more important is to be able to implement, can be processed to meet the design requirements of products, so the control of heat treatment process, hard turning process, ultra precision technology, analysis of the key process of surface strengthening, and to meet the requirements of the product quality, optimize the process parameters and improve the process. The first heat treatment and vacuum quenching process, increase the cold treatment, reduce the content of residual austenite, eliminate bearing internal residual stress, improve the service life of the bearing selection; secondly, parameter design of experiment of DOE in hard turning process, to select the optimal parameters of the design process and reasonable allowance, to ensure the bearing outer ring groove size precision, the shaft carrier More stable in the process of ultra precision process; after analysis and improvement, in order to improve the service life of the bearing groove error by improving the ultra loaded Seiko decrease the channel, the channel error is reduced by 50%, to ensure consistency of the batch, the batch to ensure the consistency of bearing life is good at the same time; through the channel surface hardening, the compressive stress to improve the service life of the channel surface; reasonable configuration parameters, aiming at the existing problem of improvement, improve the service life of the bearing from the processing technology.
5) performance test of high speed precision textile machinery special bearings, to verify whether the bearing design and manufacture to meet customer demand, but also to further optimize the data, make continuous improvement. Based on 8 samples of more than a year of continuous monitoring to determine the service life of the bearing, speed and bearing parameters of dm*n BN35-8V/P2 the value has reached 48*25000:1.2X106mm*r/min, the highest temperature of 15 degrees Celsius. The minimum life of 8592h, fully meet customer 7200h requirements, achieve the expected purpose. This product is successful, the improvement of structure, manufacturing and processing technology is more advanced.
6) summarize the full text and put forward expectations for the development of special bearings for high-speed and precision textile machinery. At the same time, we also point out the current development of special bearings for high-speed precision spinning machines in China.
Design of ball bearing in high speed and high precision angle, using the quasi-static design theory, introducing the "outer raceway control hypothesis, set up function and mathematical model to optimize the design parameters of the main bearing, put forward the design of a high speed precision machinery angular contact ball bearing method; also through test, trial machining are obtained. A comprehensive set of technology, which meets the design requirements in the current process of equipment in the case. The results show that the main performance index of BN35-8V/P2 bearing developed has reached even more than the advanced level of international famous bearing companies of similar products, which verified the advanced and practical design methods and process optimization method. High precision textile mechanical special bearings in domestic is mainly dependent on imports, the technology has improved the level of China's bearing products design and manufacturing to Italy Righteousness.

【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH133.3

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