發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-15 12:15

【摘要】：客戶需求作為產(chǎn)品生命周期的源頭,是驅(qū)動(dòng)產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)的直接動(dòng)力,先進(jìn)需求管理理念和模式,成為制造類(lèi)企業(yè)成敗的關(guān)鍵。有效的需求管理可以使設(shè)計(jì)者能夠正確把握客戶需求,及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)未滿足需求,提高產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量,增加客戶需求滿意度,降低成本。本文在產(chǎn)品生命周期管理(Product Life-cycle Management, PLM)的平臺(tái)上,對(duì)需求管理進(jìn)行了研究。 本文基于產(chǎn)品全生命周期中與需求相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)和活動(dòng),建立了PLM需求管理的功能模型,確立了PLM需求管理的7大功能。然后,重點(diǎn)對(duì)需求分類(lèi)與整理、需求轉(zhuǎn)化、需求跟蹤、需求驗(yàn)證和相似需求檢索功能進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)研究。 首先,基于機(jī)械類(lèi)產(chǎn)品需求的特點(diǎn)對(duì)客戶需求進(jìn)行了分類(lèi),建立客戶需求分類(lèi)模板,依據(jù)分類(lèi)模板和需求描述語(yǔ)言的數(shù)據(jù)特征,提出了基于需求分類(lèi)模板的規(guī)范化需求表達(dá)方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了需求表達(dá)的規(guī)范化。將需求名與目標(biāo)值分離,建立需求信息存儲(chǔ)模型,減少了需求數(shù)據(jù)冗余,為相似需求檢索奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 其次,使用產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量功能展開(kāi)(Product Quality Deployment, QFD)技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)需求的逐步轉(zhuǎn)化,建立了需求轉(zhuǎn)化數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表,明確了需求與設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果的底層數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)系。用統(tǒng)一建模語(yǔ)言(Unified Modeling Language,UML)類(lèi)圖建立了需求跟蹤的數(shù)據(jù)模型,采用了物料清單(Bill of Materiel,BOM)形式組織需求跟蹤的表層數(shù)據(jù),分別在底層數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)系與表層數(shù)據(jù)組織上實(shí)現(xiàn)了需求跟蹤的數(shù)據(jù)管理,使產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果有源可溯。使用擴(kuò)展有向圖建模方法對(duì)需求驗(yàn)證過(guò)程進(jìn)行了工作流建模,隨時(shí)跟蹤需求滿足狀況,及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)未滿足的需求。 最后,將基于實(shí)例的推理技術(shù)(Case-based Reasoning,CBR)思想應(yīng)用于PLM需求管理,通過(guò)檢索相似需求尋找設(shè)計(jì)參考案例。設(shè)計(jì)了需求管理的CBR流程,建立了案例庫(kù),分析了案例檢索步驟,研究了檢索算法,利用模糊層次分析法確定了需求權(quán)重。從需求入手,實(shí)現(xiàn)了設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)的重用,提高了設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)確度,減少了設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間,提升了企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
[Abstract]:As the source of product life cycle, customer demand is the direct driving force of product development. Advanced demand management concepts and models become the key to the success or failure of manufacturing enterprises. Effective demand management enables designers to correctly grasp customer needs, discover unmet requirements in time, improve product design quality, increase customer demand satisfaction, and reduce costs. In this paper, requirement management is studied on the platform of Product Life-cycle Management (PLM). Based on the data and activities related to requirements in the whole product life cycle, this paper establishes a functional model of PLM requirement management and seven functions of PLM requirement management. Then, the classification and collation of requirements, requirements transformation, requirements tracking, requirements verification and similar requirements retrieval functions are studied in detail. First of all, based on the characteristics of mechanical product requirements, customer requirements are classified, and customer demand classification templates are established, which are based on classification templates and data features of requirement description language. In this paper, a standardized requirement representation method based on requirement classification template is proposed, and the standardization of requirement representation is realized. The requirement name is separated from the target value, and the storage model of requirement information is established, which reduces the redundancy of requirement data and lays the foundation for similar requirement retrieval. Secondly, product quality deployment (qfd) technology is used to realize the gradual transformation of requirements, and the database table of requirement transformation is established, and the underlying data relationship between requirements and design results is clarified. The data model of requirement tracking is established by using Unified Modeling language (UML) class diagram, and the surface data of requirement tracking is organized in the form of Bill of material (BOM). The data management of requirement tracking is realized on the underlying data relation and surface data organization respectively, which makes the product design result active traceability. The extended directed graph modeling method is used to model the requirement verification process. The requirement satisfaction is tracked at any time and the unsatisfied requirements are found in time. Finally, Case-based reasoning (CBR) is applied to PLM requirement management, and a design reference case is found by retrieving similar requirements. The CBR flow chart of requirement management is designed, the case base is established, the case retrieval steps are analyzed, the retrieval algorithm is studied, and the requirement weight is determined by using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). The reuse of design knowledge is realized, the design accuracy is improved, the design time is reduced, and the competitiveness of enterprises is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH186;F273.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李德治;輪胎生產(chǎn)與資源循環(huán)利用的全生命周期過(guò)程研究[D];廣東工業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：2124040