發(fā)布時間：2018-07-15 18:16

【摘要】：勵磁控制系統(tǒng)是輪胎起重機的重要部件,主要對其起升、變幅機構(gòu)的直流電動機進(jìn)行驅(qū)動和控制,它對直流電動機的正常作業(yè)以及起重機的穩(wěn)定安全運行有著重大影響。目前的起重機模擬式勵磁控制系統(tǒng)采用串電阻起動和調(diào)速,能耗大、噪音大、體積大,起動的沖擊電流大,調(diào)速的范圍小、平滑性差,很難滿足現(xiàn)有直流電動機運行的可靠性、穩(wěn)定性、靈活性和經(jīng)濟性等要求。本文針對當(dāng)前中型輪胎起重機勵磁控制系統(tǒng)的改造任務(wù)和新建合作項目對勵磁控制系統(tǒng)的要求,結(jié)合勵磁調(diào)節(jié)控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢與勵磁控制算法,設(shè)計了這套基于ATmega128微控制器和IPM智能功率模塊驅(qū)動控制的數(shù)字式輪胎起重機勵磁控制系統(tǒng)。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下： 本文首先介紹了直流電動機數(shù)字式勵磁控制系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與優(yōu)點,分析了現(xiàn)有起重機勵磁控制系統(tǒng)亟待解決的問題,討論了勵磁控制中常見控制算法的基本概念和基本思想。在分析研究勵磁控制系統(tǒng)和串勵直流電動機的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上,確定此輪胎起重機勵磁控制系統(tǒng)的基本原理和控制方法。 其次,建立串勵直流電動機的動態(tài)工作數(shù)學(xué)模型,將直流電動機轉(zhuǎn)速和電流反饋與PID控制算法結(jié)合起來,設(shè)計了電流轉(zhuǎn)速雙閉環(huán)PI勵磁控制系統(tǒng),進(jìn)行了MATLAB仿真并對結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析。然后在所建立數(shù)學(xué)模型的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合美國愛特梅爾公司近幾年推出的ATmega128微控制器具有高速、低功耗、流水線結(jié)構(gòu)的特點,加之芯片內(nèi)部集成完整的AD采樣端口和PWM輸出端口,設(shè)計了基于ATmega128微控制器的全新數(shù)字式輪胎起重機勵磁控制系統(tǒng)。該芯片的使用,在很大程度上簡化了勵磁控制系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu),提高了勵磁控制系統(tǒng)的可靠性和抗干擾能力。最后,詳細(xì)的介紹了這款數(shù)字式勵磁控制系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計和軟件實現(xiàn)方法,給出了部分硬件原理圖和軟件程序及流程圖。 現(xiàn)場測試和實際使用效果表明,基于ATmega128的輪胎起重機勵磁控制系統(tǒng)具有硬件結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、使用方便、可靠性高、控制性能優(yōu)良和性價比高等優(yōu)點,其主要性能指標(biāo)達(dá)到或優(yōu)于同類產(chǎn)品,具有很好的市場前景。
[Abstract]:Excitation control system is an important part of tire crane. It mainly drives and controls DC motor of lifting and amplitude changing mechanism. It has great influence on the normal operation of DC motor and the stable and safe operation of crane. The current analog excitation control system of crane uses series resistance to start and adjust speed, which has the advantages of large energy consumption, large noise, large volume, large impact current, small speed range and poor smoothness, so it is difficult to meet the reliability of the current DC motor. Stability, flexibility and economy requirements. In this paper, according to the task of reconstructing the excitation control system of medium sized tire crane and the requirements of the new cooperative project on excitation control system, combined with the development trend of excitation regulation control technology and excitation control algorithm, A digital tire crane excitation control system based on ATmega128 microcontroller and IPM intelligent power module driver control is designed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, this paper introduces the development status and advantages of DC motor digital excitation control system, and analyzes the problems to be solved urgently in the existing crane excitation control system. The basic concepts and ideas of common control algorithms in excitation control are discussed. On the basis of analyzing and studying the basic structure and working principle of the excitation control system and the series-excited DC motor, the basic principle and control method of the excitation control system of the tire crane are determined. Secondly, the mathematical model of dynamic operation of series DC motor is established. Combining the speed and current feedback of DC motor with pid control algorithm, the double closed loop Pi excitation control system of current speed is designed. MATLAB simulation is carried out and the results are analyzed. Then based on the established mathematical model, the ATmega128 microcontroller developed by Atmel in recent years has the characteristics of high speed, low power consumption, pipeline structure, and the integration of integrated AD sampling port and PWM output port inside the chip. A new digital tire crane excitation control system based on ATmega128 microcontroller is designed. The use of the chip greatly simplifies the hardware structure of the excitation control system and improves the reliability and anti-interference ability of the excitation control system. Finally, the hardware design and software implementation method of the digital excitation control system are introduced in detail, and some hardware schematic diagrams, software programs and flow charts are given. Field test and practical application results show that the excitation control system of tire crane based on ATmega128 has the advantages of simple hardware structure, convenient use, high reliability, excellent control performance and high performance-to-price ratio. Its main performance index achieves or surpasses the similar product, has the very good market prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH213.6

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本文編號：2124972