發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-13 20:12

  本文選題：馬克思 + 創(chuàng)新思想�。� 參考：《東北大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：馬克思創(chuàng)新思想內(nèi)涵豐富,寓意深刻。19世紀(jì)科技革命推動(dòng)生產(chǎn)力迅速提高,資本主義制度的確立和發(fā)展及其基本矛盾的凸顯,文藝復(fù)興運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)人自由創(chuàng)造精神的彰顯為馬克思創(chuàng)新思想的形成提供了必要的社會(huì)條件；自然科學(xué)的快速發(fā)展,德國(guó)古典哲學(xué)及資產(chǎn)階級(jí)古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中與創(chuàng)新相關(guān)的理論是馬克思創(chuàng)新思想形成的思想基礎(chǔ)。馬克思創(chuàng)新思想蘊(yùn)含于《黑格爾法哲學(xué)批判》、《1844年經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)哲學(xué)手稿》、《哲學(xué)的貧困》、《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》、《資本論》等著作中,經(jīng)歷了萌芽、發(fā)展和系統(tǒng)呈現(xiàn)的歷史發(fā)展過程。 馬克思創(chuàng)新思想包括科技創(chuàng)新、制度創(chuàng)新、理論創(chuàng)新和文化創(chuàng)新等內(nèi)容。馬克思用“科學(xué)生產(chǎn)力”、“新機(jī)器”和“技術(shù)變革”等詞語表達(dá)了具有現(xiàn)代意義的科技創(chuàng)新思想�？萍紕�(chuàng)新包括科學(xué)原理轉(zhuǎn)化為新的生產(chǎn)方法和新機(jī)器提高生產(chǎn)效率,應(yīng)用新原材料、生產(chǎn)新產(chǎn)品和開拓新市場(chǎng)等手段提高企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)收益,以及新技術(shù)的體系化和社會(huì)化等；馬克思通過對(duì)資本主義企業(yè)制度變遷,資本主義信用制度、股份制度等分析和考察表達(dá)了其企業(yè)制度創(chuàng)新思想,通過對(duì)人類社會(huì)形態(tài)變遷的分析和考察,表達(dá)了其社會(huì)制度創(chuàng)新思想。企業(yè)制度創(chuàng)新是較高生產(chǎn)效率的制度形式代替較低生產(chǎn)效率的制度形式的過程,是資本家擴(kuò)大剝削獲得更多利益的手段,社會(huì)制度創(chuàng)新是新的更有利于生產(chǎn)力、社會(huì)和人的全面自由發(fā)展的社會(huì)制度代替舊的社會(huì)制度的過程；馬克思在其唯物辯證法和歷史唯物主義理論中表達(dá)了具有現(xiàn)代意義的理論創(chuàng)新思想。理論創(chuàng)新是對(duì)舊理論的批判和繼承,結(jié)合歷史和實(shí)踐發(fā)展的新情況形成新的理論總結(jié),具有能夠指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐、經(jīng)受實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)和真理性特征；馬克思在其精神生產(chǎn)及文化交往理論中表達(dá)了具有現(xiàn)代意義的文化創(chuàng)新思想。文化創(chuàng)新與社會(huì)物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)發(fā)展是辯證統(tǒng)一的,社會(huì)物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)決定文化創(chuàng)新,文化創(chuàng)新反作用于社會(huì)物質(zhì)生產(chǎn),影響或推動(dòng)其發(fā)展,文化創(chuàng)新還具有自為發(fā)展特征,馬克思主張發(fā)揚(yáng)民族傳統(tǒng)文化、吸收和借鑒外來文化合理成分、保持世界文化多樣性,以文化創(chuàng)新影響和推動(dòng)人類社會(huì)的全面發(fā)展。馬克思創(chuàng)新思想是全面系統(tǒng)的邏輯體系,唯物辯證法和歷史唯物主義是其哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ),具有鮮明的系統(tǒng)性、實(shí)踐性和批判性特征。 馬克思創(chuàng)新思想對(duì)熊彼特和諾斯關(guān)于創(chuàng)新主體、創(chuàng)新動(dòng)力和創(chuàng)新發(fā)展等創(chuàng)新理論產(chǎn)生了重要影響。毛澤東、鄧小平、江澤民和胡錦濤在繼承馬克思創(chuàng)新思想的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合中國(guó)具體革命和實(shí)踐形成了中國(guó)化馬克思創(chuàng)新思想體系,包括創(chuàng)新發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)論、持續(xù)發(fā)展動(dòng)力論、民族發(fā)展靈魂論和科學(xué)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略論等,具有鮮明的繼承性、時(shí)代性、實(shí)踐性、開放性和前瞻性特征。
[Abstract]:Marx's innovation thought has rich connotation and profound implication. The revolution of science and technology in the 19th century promoted the rapid improvement of productive forces, and the establishment and development of capitalist system and its basic contradictions became prominent. The Renaissance's display of the spirit of man's free creation provided the necessary social conditions for the formation of Marx's innovative ideas, and the rapid development of natural science, The theory related to innovation in German classical philosophy and bourgeois classical economics is the ideological foundation of Marx's innovation thought formation. Marx's innovative thought is contained in his works such as criticism of Hegel's philosophy of Law, manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844, Poverty of philosophy, Manifesto of the Communist Party, Capital, and so on. Marx's innovative ideas include scientific and technological innovation, institutional innovation, theoretical innovation and cultural innovation. Marx expressed the scientific and technological innovation thought with the words of "scientific productivity", "new machine" and "technological change". Scientific and technological innovation includes the transformation of scientific principles into new production methods and new machines to improve production efficiency, the application of new raw materials, the production of new products and the development of new markets to improve the economic benefits of enterprises, as well as the systematization and socialization of new technologies. Marx expressed his idea of innovation of enterprise system by analyzing and investigating the changes of capitalist enterprise system, capitalist credit system and stock system, and through the analysis and investigation of the changes of human social formation, Expressed its social system innovation thought. The innovation of enterprise system is the process of replacing the system form of lower production efficiency with higher production efficiency, and is the means for capitalists to expand exploitation to gain more benefits, and the innovation of social system is new and more favorable to productive forces. The process of replacing the old social system with the social system of all-round and free development of society and man, and Marx's theory of theoretical innovation with modern significance expressed in his materialist dialectics and historical materialism theory. Theoretical innovation is the criticism and inheritance of the old theory, combining with the new situation of historical and practical development to form a new theoretical summary, which has the characteristics of guiding practice, being tested by practice and truth. Marx expressed his cultural innovation thought with modern significance in his theory of spiritual production and cultural communication. The cultural innovation and the social material production development are dialectical unity, the social material production decides the cultural innovation, the cultural innovation counteracts to the social material production, influences or impels its development, the cultural innovation also has the own development characteristic. Marx advocated carrying forward the traditional national culture, absorbing and drawing lessons from the reasonable elements of foreign culture, maintaining the diversity of world culture, and influencing and promoting the all-round development of human society with cultural innovation. Marx's idea of innovation is a comprehensive and systematic logical system, and materialist dialectics and historical materialism are its philosophical basis, with distinct systematic, practical and critical characteristics. Marx's innovation thought has an important influence on Schumpeter and North's innovation theory about innovation subject, innovation motive force and innovation development. On the basis of inheriting Marx's innovation thought, Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao have formed a Chinese Marxist innovation thought system, which includes the basic theory of innovation and development, the theory of motive force of sustainable development, and the concrete revolution and practice of China. The soul theory of national development and the theory of scientific development strategy have distinct characteristics of inheritance, times, practice, openness and foresight.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：A811

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