赫魯曉夫和勃列日涅夫時期蘇聯(lián)工資制度改革
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-24 18:43
【摘要】： 本文在收集大量國內(nèi)外相關資料的基礎上,以馬克思主義唯物史觀為指導,運用史學和經(jīng)濟學理論相結(jié)合的方法,對上世紀50年代中期至70年代末的蘇聯(lián)工資制度改革做了初步的研究和探討。通過研究這一時期蘇聯(lián)工資制度改革的背景、措施以及結(jié)果等問題,客觀地分析了工資制度改革對蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟與社會的影響。 蘇聯(lián)工資制度改革是蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟體制改革的一項內(nèi)容。蘇聯(lián)從50年代中期開始,到70年代末,對工資制度曾進行過兩次全國范圍的調(diào)整,這兩次調(diào)整分別在赫魯曉夫和勃列日涅夫時期進行,采取的具體措施包括:提高最低工資限額;提高中等工資;加大標準工資在工資中所占的比重;減少工資等級數(shù),縮小工資等級表兩端之間的差距;按照勞動條件規(guī)定工資標準的差距;調(diào)整部門間工資水平的對比,縮小生產(chǎn)部門同非生產(chǎn)部門的差距;調(diào)整地區(qū)工資系數(shù);提高計時工資的比重;簡化和統(tǒng)一工資等級制度。同時,逐步提高獎金在工資中的作用。 這些措施基本上適應了生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的需要,有利地提高了人民收入,在一定時期內(nèi)提高了勞動者的積極性,促進了社會生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展,在地區(qū)發(fā)展中,改革后的工資政策有力地調(diào)節(jié)了地區(qū)勞動力分布,為勞動力缺乏地區(qū)吸引了大批的熟練工人和技術人員。但上述改革并沒有突破30年代所確立的傳統(tǒng)工資體制的束縛,平均主義“大鍋飯”和獎金不合理等現(xiàn)象日益嚴重,這些都嚴重消磨掉蘇聯(lián)各行各業(yè)工作者優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì),為蘇聯(lián)日后的發(fā)展埋下了隱患。 全文由正文、注釋和參考文獻三個部分組成。 正文分三個部分。 第一部分主要介紹了赫魯曉夫時期工資制度改革的背景,諸如政治環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟基礎、“超越階段”思想對赫魯曉夫改革的影響以及列寧和斯大林時期蘇聯(lián)工資制度中的各種問題;系統(tǒng)研究了這一階段蘇聯(lián)工資制度改革的具體措施。 第二部分主要分析了勃列日涅夫時期工資制度改革的原因和工資改革的具體內(nèi)容。 第三部分研究了赫魯曉夫和勃列日涅夫時期蘇聯(lián)工資制度改革的結(jié)果,從正反兩個方面分析了這一時期蘇聯(lián)工資制度改革的經(jīng)濟與社會的影響,并提出了自己的觀點。
[Abstract]:On the basis of collecting a large number of domestic and foreign relevant data, this paper, guided by Marxist historical materialism, applies the method of combining historiography and economic theory. This paper makes a preliminary study and discussion on the reform of the Soviet Union's wage system from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s. By studying the background, measures and results of the reform of the Soviet Union's wage system in this period, this paper objectively analyzes the impact of the reform of the wage system on the Soviet Union's economy and society. The reform of the Soviet wage system is one of the contents of the reform of the Soviet economic system. From the mid-1950s to the late 1970s, the Soviet Union made two nationwide adjustments to the wage system, respectively during the periods of Khrushchev and Brezhnev. Specific measures taken include: raising the minimum wage limit; raising the median wage; increasing the share of standard wages in wages; reducing the number of wage grades and narrowing the gap between the two ends of the wage scale; According to the labor conditions, the wage standard gap should be stipulated; the wage level between the departments should be adjusted to narrow the gap between the production department and the non-productive sector; the regional wage coefficient should be adjusted; the proportion of the hourly wage should be increased; and the wage grade system should be simplified and unified. At the same time, gradually increase the role of bonuses in wages. These measures have basically met the needs of the development of production, increased the income of the people advantageously, increased the enthusiasm of the workers within a certain period of time, and promoted the development of social production, and in the course of regional development, After the reform, the wage policy has been able to regulate the distribution of local labor force, attracting a large number of skilled workers and technical personnel for the lack of labor force. However, these reforms have not broken through the shackles of the traditional wage system established in the 1930s, and the phenomenon of egalitarianism "big pot rice" and unreasonable bonuses has become increasingly serious, which has seriously eroded the outstanding qualities of Soviet workers in various trades and industries. For the future development of the Soviet Union buried hidden dangers. The full text consists of three parts: text, annotation and reference. The text is divided into three parts. The first part mainly introduces the background of wage system reform in Khrushchev period, such as political environment, economic foundation, The influence of the thought of "transcendental stage" on Khrushchev's reform and various problems in the Soviet Union's wage system during Lenin and Stalin's period were systematically studied, and the concrete measures for the reform of the Soviet Union's wage system in this period were systematically studied. The second part mainly analyzes the reason of wage system reform in Brezhnev period and the concrete content of wage reform. The third part studies the results of Soviet wage system reform in Khrushchev and Brezhnev period, analyzes the economic and social influence of Soviet wage system reform in this period from the positive and negative aspects, and puts forward its own views.
【學位授予單位】：黑龍江省社會科學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K512.5
本文編號：2292231
[Abstract]:On the basis of collecting a large number of domestic and foreign relevant data, this paper, guided by Marxist historical materialism, applies the method of combining historiography and economic theory. This paper makes a preliminary study and discussion on the reform of the Soviet Union's wage system from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s. By studying the background, measures and results of the reform of the Soviet Union's wage system in this period, this paper objectively analyzes the impact of the reform of the wage system on the Soviet Union's economy and society. The reform of the Soviet wage system is one of the contents of the reform of the Soviet economic system. From the mid-1950s to the late 1970s, the Soviet Union made two nationwide adjustments to the wage system, respectively during the periods of Khrushchev and Brezhnev. Specific measures taken include: raising the minimum wage limit; raising the median wage; increasing the share of standard wages in wages; reducing the number of wage grades and narrowing the gap between the two ends of the wage scale; According to the labor conditions, the wage standard gap should be stipulated; the wage level between the departments should be adjusted to narrow the gap between the production department and the non-productive sector; the regional wage coefficient should be adjusted; the proportion of the hourly wage should be increased; and the wage grade system should be simplified and unified. At the same time, gradually increase the role of bonuses in wages. These measures have basically met the needs of the development of production, increased the income of the people advantageously, increased the enthusiasm of the workers within a certain period of time, and promoted the development of social production, and in the course of regional development, After the reform, the wage policy has been able to regulate the distribution of local labor force, attracting a large number of skilled workers and technical personnel for the lack of labor force. However, these reforms have not broken through the shackles of the traditional wage system established in the 1930s, and the phenomenon of egalitarianism "big pot rice" and unreasonable bonuses has become increasingly serious, which has seriously eroded the outstanding qualities of Soviet workers in various trades and industries. For the future development of the Soviet Union buried hidden dangers. The full text consists of three parts: text, annotation and reference. The text is divided into three parts. The first part mainly introduces the background of wage system reform in Khrushchev period, such as political environment, economic foundation, The influence of the thought of "transcendental stage" on Khrushchev's reform and various problems in the Soviet Union's wage system during Lenin and Stalin's period were systematically studied, and the concrete measures for the reform of the Soviet Union's wage system in this period were systematically studied. The second part mainly analyzes the reason of wage system reform in Brezhnev period and the concrete content of wage reform. The third part studies the results of Soviet wage system reform in Khrushchev and Brezhnev period, analyzes the economic and social influence of Soviet wage system reform in this period from the positive and negative aspects, and puts forward its own views.
【學位授予單位】：黑龍江省社會科學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K512.5
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，本文編號：2292231
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