發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-05 01:51

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 秦漢 西北 邊地 治理 決策 任用 體制　出處：《西北大學(xué)》2010年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 邊郡概念有廣義、狹義之分,邊郡與內(nèi)郡生產(chǎn)方式的差異對(duì)社會(huì)面貌有決定性的影響。秦漢有過(guò)兩次邊郡設(shè)置的高潮,設(shè)立過(guò)眾多邊郡。邊郡有三種變化趨向：邊郡的內(nèi)地化,邊郡的維持,邊郡的衰落廢棄。秦漢設(shè)置過(guò)郡、屬?lài)?guó)和刺史等常設(shè)職官機(jī)構(gòu),還有一些特設(shè)軍鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu),維持對(duì)西北邊地的控制。 涉邊決策體制包括涉邊決策的需要、信息收集、朝議過(guò)程、制約監(jiān)督等環(huán)節(jié)。中央涉邊機(jī)構(gòu)有典客(大鴻臚)、典屬?lài)?guó)、主客尚書(shū)等,主要是進(jìn)行邊政決策；地方行政系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行決策中有很大實(shí)權(quán),有的邊郡還代管了一些邊外事務(wù)。涉邊機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)行有其自身的特點(diǎn)。秦漢文書(shū)在行政體制中有極重要的地位,涉邊文書(shū)在運(yùn)行中有其突出的特色。地方長(zhǎng)官自出條教,獨(dú)立施政創(chuàng)制。 官吏任用有籍貫限制,還有很強(qiáng)的地域性因素,存在一定的規(guī)律。邊地存在不少官職空缺,需要職務(wù)代理的情況。有許多具體規(guī)定反映出人事任免具有若干理性行政的色彩。邊地官員選任受軍事斗爭(zhēng)的形勢(shì)、復(fù)雜的民族關(guān)系和武勇的社會(huì)風(fēng)氣等許多因素的影響。 秦漢王朝邊地治理的功績(jī)成效各異。秦逐漸制服、蠶食義渠,典型反映了秦在邊地開(kāi)拓治理中鍥而不舍的精神。西漢與烏孫關(guān)系的發(fā)展變化典型反映了西漢在邊地開(kāi)拓治理中取得的巨大成就,也反映出經(jīng)營(yíng)西域的艱巨性和復(fù)雜性。東漢在西北對(duì)羌人長(zhǎng)期用兵,代價(jià)巨大,典型反映了東漢在邊地治理中守成多于開(kāi)拓。 國(guó)野之分、邊將權(quán)重可能是邊地治理特殊體制的歷史淵源。君主依故事而行,可能也是一種制度上的路徑依賴(lài)。秦漢地方行政體制將地方分成三類(lèi)：京畿、內(nèi)郡和邊郡。秦漢邊地治理存在兩套治理體系,中央對(duì)邊地有許多優(yōu)撫照顧,遷徙大量的人口到邊地并進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格管理,中央經(jīng)常專(zhuān)門(mén)派出使者巡視邊地情況等,有其特點(diǎn)。邊地的治理也是有費(fèi)用的,治理成本關(guān)系到治理成敗,邊地存廢。邊地特色在制度上有其必然性,西北邊地治理在歷史上有其典范性。
[Abstract]:The concept of border county has broad sense and narrow sense. The difference between the production mode of border county and inner county has a decisive effect on the social outlook. The Qin and Han dynasties had two climax of border county setting. Many border counties have been set up. There are three trends: the inland of the border county, the maintenance of the border county, the decline and abandonment of the border county. The Qin and Han dynasties set up the county, the state and the history of thorn and other permanent official organizations, as well as some special army town agencies. Maintain control of the northwest border. The decision-making system includes the needs of decision making, information collection, the process of the North Korean discussion, the restriction of supervision and so on. Local administrative system in the implementation of decision-making has a lot of real power, some border county also managed some side outside affairs. The operation of the border agencies have their own characteristics. Qin and Han documents in the administrative system has a very important position. There are prominent features in the operation of the paper. The appointment of government officials has local restrictions, there are also strong regional factors, there are certain laws, there are many official vacancies in the border areas. There are many specific provisions reflecting that the appointment and removal of personnel has a number of rational administrative colors. The situation of selecting and appointing officials in the border areas is subject to military struggle. Complex ethnic relations and Wuyong social atmosphere and many other factors. The achievements of the Qin and Han dynasties were different. Qin gradually subdued and encroached on the canal. The development and change of the relationship between the Western Han Dynasty and the Wu Sun reflected the great achievements of the Western Han Dynasty in the border area development and governance. It also reflects the difficulty and complexity of managing the western regions. The Eastern Han Dynasty used troops to the Qiang people for a long time in the northwest of China, and the cost was huge, which typically reflected that the Eastern Han Dynasty was more successful than pioneering in the management of the border areas. According to the story, the monarch may also be a kind of path dependence on the system. The local administrative system of Qin and Han Dynasty can be divided into three categories: capital. There are two sets of governance systems in the governance of the border areas of the Inner County and the Border County. The central government has a lot of preferential care for the border areas, migrates a large number of people to the border areas and carries out strict management, and the central government often sends special emissaries to inspect the situation of the border areas and so on. The management cost of the border area is related to the success or failure of the governance and the existence of the frontier land. The characteristics of the border area have its inevitability in the system, and the governance of the northwest border area has its exemplary character in history.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K232

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 黃毅;;論“邊疆觀(guān)”及其空間表征的歷史考察[J];西北民族大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2013年05期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 賈文麗;漢代河西軍事地理研究[D];首都師范大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 王靜;陜北漢畫(huà)像石研究[D];延安大學(xué);2011年

2 汪潔;秦漢時(shí)期的北地郡[D];華中師范大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1491770