發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-06 03:31

  本文選題：甘藍(lán)型油菜　切入點(diǎn)：鎘　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：油菜(Brassica napus L.)是一種重要可食用油來(lái)源,并且擁有一定程度的抗金屬等脅迫能力。因此發(fā)揮它在抗重金屬脅迫上的潛力是很重要的。在不同的植物中研究不同的重金屬元素的代謝機(jī)理,特別是對(duì)比不同的重金屬特性(如鎘和銅),也是很重要的。在這樣的背景下,本試驗(yàn)試圖通過(guò)鎘和銅在甘藍(lán)型油菜體內(nèi)的富集方式、亞細(xì)胞的分布情況和化學(xué)形態(tài)來(lái)開(kāi)展研究。此外,鎘和銅互作的毒理學(xué)評(píng)估結(jié)果是兩種重金屬有可能在污染的土壤共存。鑒此,我們開(kāi)展了本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,取得的主要研究結(jié)果如下：(1)油菜幼苗在水培的條件下,在第五周進(jìn)行不同程度的重金屬處理(0、50、200μM),通過(guò)對(duì)重金屬的積累情況來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)鎘和銅的毒性作用。在整株植物中,鎘的積累量高于銅。盡管銅的富集程度低,但造成了較高的氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)和較嚴(yán)重的生長(zhǎng)抑制,葉綠素含量也下降更多。然而增加鎘的濃度也可造成同樣的毒害結(jié)果。同樣濃度的兩種金屬都能影響水、礦物營(yíng)養(yǎng)的吸收,但銅更不利于鉀和錳的積累。相比浙雙758,品種浙大622的生長(zhǎng)抑制和氧化脅迫更明顯,但是兩個(gè)品種之間營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素的改變程度卻是相似的。結(jié)果還表明鎘和銅對(duì)谷胱甘肽循環(huán)的影響不同,銅相比于逆境的含量高,而鋅的活性還是鎘逆境下高。通過(guò)對(duì)兩種重金屬共同處理下的積累和相關(guān)的毒害測(cè)定來(lái)探究銅和鎘的互作效應(yīng),鎘和銅相互影響其在植物體內(nèi)的富集和毒害,鎘和銅在油菜中的協(xié)同吸收造成了生長(zhǎng)抑制,葉綠素?fù)p失和氧化的損傷。對(duì)敏感品種(浙大622)和抗性品種(浙雙758)的比較中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)存在協(xié)同作用。相比之下,重金屬的協(xié)同作用對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素含量減少卻是沒(méi)有影響。然而,鎘對(duì)銅的吸收的刺激效應(yīng)只有在低濃度是有效的。與鎘效應(yīng)相反,銅對(duì)鎘的吸收限制了鎘的吸收。重金屬的互作對(duì)礦質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素的影響較小。(2)在上述同樣的條件下,通過(guò)重金屬的亞細(xì)胞分布和化學(xué)形態(tài)探究鎘和銅的特異性毒害。結(jié)果顯示細(xì)胞壁和液泡中積累了最高比例的重金屬。然而,與銅相比,鎘在細(xì)胞壁上的殘留少,部分解釋了其較高的積累位置在可溶部分。盡管其較高的交換量,但是銅也顯著地積累在可溶性部分,說(shuō)明油菜植物細(xì)胞壁電荷密度低。盡管如此,抗性品種浙雙758比敏感的浙大622在細(xì)胞壁上積累了更多的鎘和銅；在可溶性部分的重金屬濃度上沒(méi)有基因型的差別存在。鎘和銅在敏感的細(xì)胞器有不同的表現(xiàn)：鎘在葉綠體和線(xiàn)粒體分布均勻,銅優(yōu)先積累在葉綠體上,相應(yīng)的在銅處理過(guò)的植物的葉綠體明顯變化大。至于重金屬的化學(xué)形態(tài),鎘和銅各自與不同細(xì)胞配體相互作用,說(shuō)明存在不同的解毒途徑；磷酸鹽配體積極絡(luò)合銅,但鎘會(huì)以有機(jī)配體為主,使它們成為第二選擇的配體。添加銅是由有機(jī)配體和草酸鹽固定化,但后者不能夠緩解鎘的毒害。在重金屬的毒性部分,鎘的比例很大,以水萃取的形式存在,而銅更多以乙醇提取的形式存在。
[Abstract]:Rape (Brassica napus L.) is an important source of edible oil, and has a certain degree of resistance to metal stress ability. So it is very important to play in resistance to heavy metal stress on potential. Metabolic mechanism of heavy metal elements in different plants, especially comparing the different characteristics of heavy metals (e.g. cadmium and copper), is also very important. In this context, this experiment attempts to cadmium and copper in vivo enrichment of Brassica napus, subcellular distribution and chemical form to carry out the research. In addition, the toxicological evaluation of cadmium and copper is the result of the interaction of two kinds of heavy metals may coexist in pollution soil. In view of this, we carried out the experimental study, the main results are as follows: (1) rape seedlings in hydroponics under the condition of heavy metals in different degree in fifth weeks (0,50200 M), based on the money Toxicity accumulation belongs to the evaluation of cadmium and copper. In the whole plant, the amount of accumulation of cadmium was higher than that of copper. Although the enrichment degree of copper is low, but caused oxidative stress is higher and more severe inhibition of growth, chlorophyll content decreased more. However increased the concentration of cadmium can cause toxic results the same. Two kinds of metal of the same concentration can affect the water absorption of mineral nutrients, but copper is not conducive to the accumulation of potassium and manganese. Compared zheshuang 758 varieties, Zhejiang growth inhibition and oxidative stress in 622 is more obvious, but between the two kinds of nutrient elements change degree is similar. Results show that cadmium and copper have different effect on glutathione cycle, compared to the high content of copper and zinc stress, the activity of cadmium stress or high. According to the two kinds of heavy metal accumulation and treatment related toxicity determination to explore the interaction of copper and cadmium Effect of cadmium and copper in the interaction of plants enrichment and toxicity, cadmium and copper in rape in synergistic absorption caused growth inhibition, chlorophyll loss and oxidative damage. The sensitive cultivar (Zhejiang 622) and resistant cultivars (zheshuang 758) in the comparison, we found that the synergistic effect. Under the synergistic effect of heavy metals on nutrient content had no effect is reduced. However, the absorption of copper and cadmium on stimulation effect only at low concentration is effective. In contrast with the effect of cadmium, cadmium absorption limit of copper cadmium. The interaction has little effect on mineral nutrition of heavy metals (2). In the same conditions, the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of heavy metals on specific toxicity of cadmium and copper. The results showed that the cell wall in vacuole and accumulated the highest proportion of heavy metals. However, compared with copper, cadmium residue in the cell wall. Less, partly explains the position of its high accumulation in the soluble fraction. Despite its high exchange capacity, but also significantly accumulated in the soluble copper part, that the charge density rape plant cell wall is low. However, resistant cultivars zheshuang 758 than 622 Zhejiang sensitive on the cell wall accumulation of cadmium and copper more there is no genotype; heavy metal concentration in soluble part of the difference. Cadmium and copper have different performance in organelles: cadmium sensitive evenly in the chloroplast and mitochondrial distribution, copper preferentially accumulated in the chloroplast, the corresponding treatment in copper plant chloroplast changed obviously. As for the chemical speciation of heavy metals, cadmium and each cell with different copper ligand interactions, indicating the presence of detoxification in different ways; with extremely complex copper volume of phosphate, but the cadmium to organic ligands, so that they become the second ligand selection. Tim Copper addition is immobilized by organic ligands and oxalate, but the latter can not alleviate the toxicity of cadmium. In the toxic part of heavy metals, the proportion of cadmium is very large, and it exists in the form of water extraction, while copper exists more in the form of ethanol extraction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X503.231

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