發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-07 20:47

  本文選題：分根交替灌溉 + 蘋果樹��； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：西北旱區(qū)是我國重要的特色果品生產(chǎn)基地,但水資源短缺是該地區(qū)果品生產(chǎn)的重要限制因素,提高灌溉水生產(chǎn)力是該區(qū)域果業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要保證。分根交替灌溉是一種創(chuàng)新型的節(jié)水技術(shù),它能夠減少奢侈蒸騰,提高水分利用效率。因此,研究分根交替灌溉條件下蘋果樹水分利用及蒸發(fā)蒸騰量估算,可為科學(xué)制定灌溉制度,促進(jìn)蘋果節(jié)水豐產(chǎn)的發(fā)展,提供理論依據(jù),對于干旱區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)生態(tài)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。本研究以蘋果樹為研究對象,于2013-2014年在中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)石羊河實(shí)驗(yàn)站布置了兩因素田間試驗(yàn),設(shè)3種灌溉方式(高頻分根交替灌溉PRIH、低頻分根交替灌溉PRIL和常規(guī)灌溉CI)和2種灌溉定額(400 mm、500 mm),分析了分根交替灌溉條件下蘋果樹生理生態(tài)和生長特性,揭示了蒸發(fā)蒸騰量、產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率變化規(guī)律,構(gòu)建了分根交替灌溉條件下蘋果樹蒸發(fā)蒸騰量估算模型,提出了診斷蘋果樹水分狀況的優(yōu)化指示參數(shù),取得了如下主要研究成果:(1)揭示了分根交替灌溉條件下蘋果樹生理生態(tài)和生長指標(biāo)的差異性。與常規(guī)灌溉處理相比,分根交替灌溉處理顯著降低了蘋果樹葉片氣孔導(dǎo)度和莖葉水勢,但對光合速率沒有顯著影響;提高了蘋果樹根長密度、根直徑、根表面積和根體積,但對根干重的影響不顯著;提高了縫隙度和葉傾角,降低了葉面積指數(shù)和叢生指數(shù)。與低頻分根交替灌溉處理相比,高頻分根交替灌溉處理降低了蘋果樹光合速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度、莖葉水勢、縫隙度和葉傾角,但提高了根系參數(shù)、葉面積指數(shù)和叢生指數(shù)。(2)分析了分根交替灌溉對蘋果樹蒸發(fā)蒸騰量、產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的影響。與常規(guī)灌溉處理相比,分根交替灌溉處理顯著降低了蘋果樹蒸發(fā)蒸騰量,提高了產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率。與低頻分根交替灌溉處理相比,高頻分根交替灌溉處理提高了蒸發(fā)蒸騰量、產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率。(3)構(gòu)建了基于下墊面局部濕潤條件下蘋果樹蒸發(fā)蒸騰量估算模型,并評價(jià)了上述模型估算干旱區(qū)不同灌溉方式條件下蘋果樹蒸發(fā)蒸騰量的準(zhǔn)確性和適用性。S-W_(PRI)模型是適合估算干旱區(qū)蘋果樹蒸發(fā)蒸騰量的優(yōu)化模型,它同時(shí)提高了分根交替灌溉和常規(guī)灌溉條件下實(shí)際蒸發(fā)蒸騰量的估算精度。(4)探究了基于樹干直徑日最大收縮量的信號強(qiáng)度(SI_(MDS))診斷分根交替灌溉條件下蘋果樹水分狀況的適用性。在400 mm灌溉定額條件下,分根交替灌溉處理樹干直徑日最大收縮量(MDS)顯著低于常規(guī)灌溉處理;而在500 mm灌溉定額條件下,兩種灌溉方式MDS之間差異不顯著。SI_(MDS)和基于液流量的信號強(qiáng)度(SI_(SF))不受氣象因子影響,但MDS與各氣象因子均呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系;與SI_(SF)相比,SI_(MDS)在分根交替灌溉條件下與土壤含水量和莖葉水勢均呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。分根交替灌溉處理SI_(MDS)顯著低于常規(guī)灌溉處理,且兩種灌溉方式間SI_(SF)差異不顯著。
[Abstract]:Northwest arid region is an important production base of fruit in China, but the shortage of water resources is an important limiting factor of fruit production in this area. Improving the productivity of irrigation water is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of fruit industry in this region. Alternate root irrigation is an innovative water-saving technology, which can reduce extravagant transpiration and improve water use efficiency. Therefore, the research on the estimation of water use and evapotranspiration of apple trees under the condition of alternate root irrigation can provide theoretical basis for the scientific formulation of irrigation system and the development of water saving and high yield of apple. It is of great significance to the sustainable development of economy and ecology in arid area. In this study, two factor field experiments were conducted on apple trees at Shiyang River Experimental Station of China Agricultural University in 2013-2014. Three irrigation methods (high frequency split root alternate irrigation (PRI), low frequency split root alternate irrigation (PRIL) and conventional irrigation CII) and two kinds of irrigation quota (400 mm / 500 mm) were used to analyze the physiological, ecological and growth characteristics of apple trees, and to reveal the evapotranspiration (evapotranspiration). Based on the variation of yield and water use efficiency (Wue), a model for estimating the evapotranspiration of apple trees under alternate irrigation was established, and the optimal indicator parameters for diagnosing the water status of apple trees were put forward. The main research results were as follows: 1) the differences of physiological, ecological and growth indexes of apple trees under the condition of alternate root irrigation were revealed. Compared with the conventional irrigation treatments, the leaf stomatal conductance and the water potential of stem and leaf of apple trees were significantly decreased, but the photosynthetic rate was not significantly affected, and the root length density, root diameter, root surface area and root volume were increased. However, the effect on root dry weight was not significant, and the crevice degree and leaf dip angle were increased, leaf area index and cluster index were decreased. Compared with the low frequency split root alternate irrigation, the high frequency split root alternate irrigation decreased the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, stem and leaf water potential, crevice degree and leaf dip angle, but increased the root system parameters. Leaf area index and cluster index. 2) the effects of alternate root irrigation on evapotranspiration, yield and water use efficiency of apple trees were studied. Compared with conventional irrigation treatment, alternate root irrigation significantly reduced the evapotranspiration of apple trees and increased yield and water use efficiency. Compared with the alternate irrigation treatment with low frequency and split root, the evapotranspiration, yield and water use efficiency (Wue) of apple trees under the condition of local wetting on the underlying surface were improved by the high-frequency alternative irrigation, and a model for estimating the evapotranspiration of apple trees under the condition of local wetting on the underlying surface was established. The accuracy and applicability of the above models in estimating the evapotranspiration of apple trees under different irrigation conditions were evaluated. The S-WSP PRI model is an optimal model for estimating the evapotranspiration of apple trees in arid areas. It also improves the estimation accuracy of actual evapotranspiration under the condition of alternate irrigation and conventional irrigation. It explores the applicability of the signal intensity based on the maximum daily contraction of trunk diameter to diagnose the water status of apple trees under the condition of alternate irrigation. Under the condition of 400mm irrigation quota, the daily maximum shrinkage of trunk diameter in the treatment of alternate root irrigation was significantly lower than that in the conventional irrigation treatment, while under the condition of 500mm irrigation quota, the maximum contraction of trunk diameter was significantly lower than that of the conventional irrigation treatment. There was no significant difference between the two irrigation methods. The MDS) and the signal intensity based on liquid flow were not affected by meteorological factors, but there was a significant positive correlation between MDS and meteorological factors. There was a significant negative correlation between MDS and soil water content and stem and leaf water potential under the condition of alternate root irrigation. Compared with the conventional irrigation treatment, the SI-MDS of the two irrigation methods was significantly lower than that of the conventional irrigation treatment, and there was no significant difference between the two irrigation methods.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S661.1

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