發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-14 21:12

  本文選題：蒙古黃芪 + 葉綠體基因組��； 參考：《山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：在亞洲,植物黃芪(Astragalus membranaceus)是一種重要的藥用植物。用于中藥生產(chǎn)加工的主要是黃芪的兩個(gè)變種,蒙古黃芪(A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var. mongholicus (Bunge) P.K. Hsiao)和膜莢黃芪(A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var. membranaceus)。黃芪的一些其他變種也經(jīng)常被用于中藥生產(chǎn)。因此為了規(guī)范生產(chǎn)和科學(xué)研究,急需開發(fā)可用于分辨不同黃芪變種的高分辨率的遺傳標(biāo)記。本研究中,使用第二代高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)對(duì)蒙古黃芪葉綠體基因組進(jìn)行了測(cè)序和分析。測(cè)序平臺(tái)為hiseq2000,黃芪葉綠體基因組短讀序拼接使用Abyss軟件,葉綠體基因組基因注釋使用CPGAVAS軟件,重復(fù)序列分析使用MISA軟件、Tandem Repeats軟件和REPuter軟件。之后對(duì)組裝注釋后完整的黃芪葉綠體基因組進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化分析和比較基因組學(xué)分析。組裝后得到的完整蒙古黃芪葉綠體基因組全長(zhǎng)為123,582bp。蒙古黃芪葉綠體基因組結(jié)構(gòu)并不呈現(xiàn)典型的四段式結(jié)構(gòu),而是只具有單個(gè)反向重復(fù)拷貝(IR區(qū))。蒙古黃芪葉綠體基因組編碼110個(gè)基因,包括76個(gè)蛋白編碼基因、30個(gè)tRNA基因和4個(gè)rRNA基因。在使用PCR技術(shù)填補(bǔ)經(jīng)組裝得到的大片段之間缺口區(qū)的過(guò)程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)并驗(yàn)證了蒙古黃芪葉綠體基因組上5個(gè)種內(nèi)的高可變位點(diǎn),其中3個(gè)還表現(xiàn)出胞質(zhì)異質(zhì)性。進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),蒙古黃芪葉綠體基因組于典型的被子植物葉綠體基因組相比較存在三個(gè)基因缺失的現(xiàn)象和兩個(gè)大片段的倒位現(xiàn)象。對(duì)已公開完整葉綠體基因組序列的36種豆科蝶形花亞科植物的葉綠體基因組序列進(jìn)行比較基因組學(xué)分析。結(jié)果顯示,蝶形花亞科植物的葉綠體基因組在種間和種內(nèi)水平具有動(dòng)態(tài)變化的特點(diǎn),這些變化包括大量的高可變位點(diǎn)、頻繁的基因缺失和大片段序列的倒位現(xiàn)象。本研究對(duì)中藥材黃芪重要的來(lái)源植物蒙古黃芪經(jīng)行完整葉綠體基因組的測(cè)序組裝并進(jìn)行了分析。其研究結(jié)果為基于蒙古黃芪葉綠體基因組序列開發(fā)高分辨率分子標(biāo)記奠定了基礎(chǔ),以滿足黃芪的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化和群體遺傳學(xué)研究需要。同時(shí)也有助于研究和了解被子植物,尤其是豆科蝶形花亞科植物葉綠體基因組復(fù)雜的進(jìn)化歷史。
[Abstract]:Astragalus membranaceus is an important medicinal plant in Asia. Two varieties of Radix Astragali, Astragalus mongolicus A. membranaceus Fisch., were mainly used in the production and processing of traditional Chinese medicine. Bunge var. mongholicus BungeP.K. Hsiao and Astragalus membranaceus A. membranaceus Fisch. Bunge var. membranaceus. Other varieties of Astragalus are also often used in the production of traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, in order to standardize production and scientific research, it is urgent to develop high resolution genetic markers that can be used to distinguish different varieties of Astragalus membranaceus. In this study, the chloroplast genome of Astragalus mongolicus was sequenced and analyzed by the second generation high-throughput sequencing technique. The sequencing platform was hiseq2000. Abyss software was used for short reading sequence splicing of chloroplast genome of Astragalus membranaceus, CPGAVAS software was used for chloroplast genome gene annotation, and MISA software Tandem Repeats software and REPuter software were used for repeated sequence analysis. The complete chloroplast genome of Astragalus membranaceus was analyzed by phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics analysis. The complete chloroplast genome of Astragalus mongolicus was 123582 BP. The chloroplast genome of Astragalus mongolicus does not exhibit a typical four-segment structure, but only has a single reverse repeat copy of the IR region of Astragalus mongolicus. The chloroplast genome of Astragalus mongolicus encodes 110 genes, including 76 protein coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. In the process of filling the gap region between large fragments by PCR technique, five high variable loci in chloroplast genome of Astragalus mongolicus were found and verified, and three of them showed cytoplasmic heterogeneity. Further analysis showed that the chloroplast genome of Astragalus mongolicus had three gene deletions and two large fragments in comparison with the chloroplast genome of typical angiosperms. The chloroplast genomes of 36 species of sphenoid subfamily in legume were analyzed by comparative genomics. The results showed that the chloroplast genomes of the subfamily Butterfly showed dynamic changes at interspecific and intra-specific levels, including a large number of high variable loci, frequent gene deletions and large fragment sequence inversion. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of Astragalus mongolicus (Astragalus mongolicus), an important source of Astragalus membranaceus, was sequenced and analyzed. The results laid a foundation for the development of high-resolution molecular markers based on the chloroplast genomic sequence of Astragalus mongolicus, in order to meet the needs of systematic evolution and population genetics of Astragalus membranaceus. It is also helpful to study and understand the complex evolutionary history of chloroplast genome in angiosperms, especially in the sphenoid subfamily of legumes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S567.239

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

1 胡明勛;郭寶林;周然;黃文華;曹秀娟;侯美利;陳安家;;山西渾源仿野生栽培蒙古黃芪的質(zhì)量研究[J];中草藥;2012年09期

2 陳士林;魏建和;孫成忠;劉召芹;趙潤(rùn)懷;王繼永;周應(yīng)群;肖小河;;中藥材產(chǎn)地適宜性分析地理信息系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)及蒙古黃芪產(chǎn)地適宜性研究[J];世界科學(xué)技術(shù);2006年03期

3 趙明,段金廒,黃文哲,周榮漢;中國(guó)黃芪屬(Astragalus Linn.)藥用植物資源現(xiàn)狀及分析[J];中國(guó)野生植物資源;2000年06期

4 白效令,王湘,張莉,俞正言,蔚玲,喬燕祥,高平平;黃芪超微結(jié)構(gòu)觀察及其脂酶同工酶比較[J];中草藥;1994年09期

，

本文編號(hào)：1889425