發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-22 17:48

  本文選題：自然放牧 + 舍飼育肥��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：論文主要研究了自然放牧和舍飼育肥條件下阿爾巴斯白絨山羊羔羊和成年羊羊肉脂肪酸(FA)和氨基酸(AA)組成的變化規(guī)律和存在的差異,并從脂類和蛋白質(zhì)代謝相關(guān)的血液和組織生化指標(biāo)、相關(guān)基因和蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)及其與日糧組成的關(guān)系角度,探討其存在差異的主要原因,尋找可能影響羊肉FA和AA組成的關(guān)鍵因素,為通過日糧調(diào)控羊肉的品質(zhì)和風(fēng)味進(jìn)而提高羊肉質(zhì)量提供理論依據(jù)。論文采用2×2完全隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),健康無病的4月齡阿爾巴斯白絨山羊斷奶羔羊(KG,20.36±0.32kg)60只和5歲成年羊(AG,40.38±0.84kg)60只,分為4組,每組30只。因素一為育肥方式,分為自然放牧育肥(PF)與舍飼育肥(SF,采食全混合日糧)。因素二為年齡,分別為AG與KG。AG的育肥期為60d,分為育肥前期(1-30d,8月份)和后期(31-60d,9月份)；KG育肥期為90d,分為育肥前期(1-30d,8月份)、中期(31-60d,9月份)和后期(61-90d,10月份)。試驗(yàn)于育肥試驗(yàn)結(jié)束前一周,每組隨機(jī)選6只羊早晨空腹采集血液,屠宰后采集背最長肌、臂肌、股肌、臀肌、皮下脂肪、腎脂、尾脂、腸系膜脂和大網(wǎng)膜脂。論文分6個(gè)試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)1比較研究了自然放牧與舍飼育肥條件下絨山羊KG與AG日糧FA與AA組成。試驗(yàn)2與試驗(yàn)3分別研究了自然放牧與舍飼育肥條件下絨山羊KG和AG羊肉FA、AA含量與組成的差異,探討育肥方式和年齡對(duì)絨山羊羊肉品質(zhì)的影響。試驗(yàn)4研究了自然放牧與舍飼育肥條件下絨山羊KG與AG脂肪和蛋白質(zhì)代謝有關(guān)的血液生化指標(biāo)及組織酶活的變化規(guī)律,探討了育肥方式和年齡對(duì)絨山羊脂肪和蛋白質(zhì)代謝的影響。試驗(yàn)5與試驗(yàn)6分別研究了自然放牧與舍飼育肥條件下絨山羊KG與AG脂肪代謝和蛋白質(zhì)代謝相關(guān)基因mRNA和蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)量的變化規(guī)律,從基因轉(zhuǎn)錄與蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)水平分析了兩種育肥條件下羊肉品質(zhì)存在差異的主要機(jī)理。在本試驗(yàn)條件下得出以下結(jié)果：(1)從日糧FA含量及進(jìn)食量分析,與PF組相比,SF組日糧SFA含量及進(jìn)食量較高,其中主要是C16：0和C18：0,其次是C17：0、C15：0、C20：0、C13：0；MUFA含量及進(jìn)食量較高,其中主要是C18：ln-9c,其次是C15：1、C18：1n-9t、C22：1n-9和C17：1：ω-6PUFA含量及進(jìn)食量較高,其中主要是C18：2n-6c,其次是C22：2n-6、C18：2n-6t和C20：4n-6;ω-3PUFA含量及進(jìn)食量較低,其中主要C18：3n-3,其次是EPA。(2)從日糧AA含量及進(jìn)食量分析,與PF組相比,SF組日糧EAA含量及進(jìn)食量較高,其中主要是Leu和Arg,其次是Thr、His和Val；NEAA含量及進(jìn)食量較高,其中主要是Glu,其次是Tyr、Cys、Ala和Sen LAA含量及進(jìn)食量較高,其中主要是Met；BCAA含量及進(jìn)食量較高,其中主要是Leu,其次是Val；FAA含量及進(jìn)食量較高,其中主要是Glu,其次是Leu和Arg；DAA含量及進(jìn)食量較高,其中主要是Glu,其次是Arg、Cys、Ala和Met。(3)與PF組相比,SF組多數(shù)肌肉和脂肪組織的SFA含量較高,其中主要的FA是C18：0,其次是C16：0、C14：0、C20：0、C17：0、C22：0、C10：0、C8：0；MUFA含量較高,其中主要是C18：1n-9c；ω-6PUFA含量較高,其中主要是C18：2n-6c,其次是C18：3n-6和C20：3n-6；ω-3PUFA和PUFA含量較低,其中主要C18：3n-3,其次是EPA和DHA。與KG相比,AG多數(shù)肌肉和脂肪組織的SFA含量較高,其中主要的FA是C18：0和C16：0,其次是C4：0、C10：0、C12：0、C14：0、C15：0、C21：0、C22：0和C24：0；MUFA含量較低,其中主要的FA是C18：1n-9c,其次是C18：1n-9t;PUFA和ω-3PUFA含量較低,其中主要是C18：3n-3,其次是EPA和DHA。(4)與PF組相比,SF組多數(shù)肌肉組織EAA較高,其中主要是Leu,其次是Lys、Val、His、Phe、Met;NEAA較高,其中主要是Tyr,其次是Pro;BCAA較高,其中主要是Leu,其次是Val；與AG相比,KG多數(shù)肌肉組織EAA較高,其中主要是Val,其次是Arg、Leu、Lys、Thr、Phe；NEAA較高,其中主要是Glu,其次是Asp、Ala、Gly、Ser;BCAA較高,其中主要是Leu,其次是Val；FAA較高,其中主要是Glu,其次是Leu和Arg；DAA較高,其中主要是Glu,其次是Asp、Ala、Arg。(5)與PF組相比,SF組顯著提高了絨山羊血清TP、TG、BUN、CHO、LDL-C、GLU、T3、INS和IGF-1含量,而NEFA、HDL-C、COR和Leptin含量相反；顯著提高了血清、肝臟、皮下脂肪及背最長肌的ACC、FAS、MDH、LPL、SCD和pGSK3β活性,降低了HSL、BCAT2、BCKD和GSK3β活性。AG組血清TG、LDL-C、INS和PG含量顯著高于KG組,而NEFA、TP、BUN、HDL-C、LDL-C、GLU、HGH、Lep和IGF-1含量顯著低于KG；AG組血清和組織ACC和pGSK3β活性顯著高于KG組,而LPL、HSL和SCD活性相反。(6)與PF組相比,SF組上調(diào)了肌肉、脂肪和肝臟組織中ACC、FAS、DGAT1、SCD、LPL、SREBP1c、C/EBPα的mRNA表達(dá)量,下調(diào)了HSL、PPARy, Pref-1和β-catenin的mRNA表達(dá)量；與KG組相比,AG組ACC、DGAT1、SREBP-1c和C/EBPa的nRNA表達(dá)量顯著提高,而SCD、Pref-1、HSL、LPL和β-catenin的mRNA表達(dá)量顯著降低,Wnt信號(hào)通路中蛋白表達(dá)的規(guī)律基本與基因轉(zhuǎn)錄規(guī)律相似。(7)與PF相比,SF組顯著上調(diào)了肌肉中mTORC, S6K1和eIF-4G mRNA表達(dá)量顯著降低,顯著下調(diào)了4E-BP1mRNA表達(dá)量；與KG組相比,AG組顯著下調(diào)了肌肉中mTOR和S6K1的mRNA表達(dá)量,而顯著上調(diào)了4EBP1的mRNA表達(dá)量；mTOR信號(hào)通路中蛋白表達(dá)的規(guī)律基本與基因轉(zhuǎn)錄規(guī)律相似。綜上所述：從脂肪酸營養(yǎng)角度分析,自然放牧的絨山羊肉營養(yǎng)價(jià)值優(yōu)于舍飼育肥,斷奶羔羊肉營養(yǎng)價(jià)值優(yōu)于成年絨山羊。主要原因之一是兩種育肥條件下日糧的FA含量與組成不同,與放牧育肥相比,舍飼育肥日糧PUFA含量降低,提高了組織中與FA從頭合成相關(guān)的FAS、ACC和SREBP1c mRNA表達(dá)量,進(jìn)而提高了從頭合成相關(guān)酶ACC、FAS、SCD及MDH的活性及血清中INS和IGF-1含量,導(dǎo)致了體組織中SFA和MUFA含量的增加；日糧中C18：2n6、C18：3n-3和EPA含量是導(dǎo)致體組織相應(yīng)FA差異的主要原因。從蛋白質(zhì)營養(yǎng)角度分析,舍飼育肥絨山羊羊肉的AA組成優(yōu)于自然放牧組,斷奶羔羊羊肉的AA組成優(yōu)于成年絨山羊。其主要原因之一是日糧AA含量與組成不同,與放牧育肥相比,舍飼育肥日糧中Leu含量較高,提高了血清中INS和IGF-1含量,激活了mTOR信號(hào)通路,提高了mTOR、S6K1、4EBP1的mRNA及其磷酸化蛋白的表達(dá)量,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)了蛋白質(zhì)合成；降低了BCAT1和BCKD活性,提高了肌肉中BCAA含量。
[Abstract]:The changes and differences in the composition of fatty acid (FA) and amino acid (AA) of the lamb and adult sheep mutton of the White Cashmere Goat and adult sheep were studied under the conditions of natural grazing and manure, and the blood and tissue biochemical indexes related to the lipid and protein metabolism, the expression of related genes and proteins and their relationship with the diet composition were studied. The main reasons for the difference were discussed, and the key factors that could affect the composition of mutton FA and AA were found, and the theoretical basis was provided to improve the quality and flavor of mutton by diet. The 2 x 2 complete random test was designed, and the healthy 4 month old Alzheimer's goats were weaned (KG, 20.36 + 0). .32kg) 60 and 5 year old adult sheep (AG, 40.38 + 0.84kg) 60, divided into 4 groups, 30 in each group. One is the fattening mode, which is divided into natural grazing and fattening (PF) and fattening (SF, full mixing diet). The second factor is the age of AG and KG.AG, which are divided into pre fattening (1-30d, August) and late (31-60d, September), and KG fattening period. 90d, divided into the pre fattening (1-30d, August), mid-term (31-60d, September) and late (61-90d, October). A week before the end of the fattening test, 6 sheep were randomly selected to collect the blood on the empty stomach in the morning. After slaughter, the longest muscle, arm, femoral, gluteus, subcutaneous fat, kidney fat, tail fat, mesenteric fat and greater omentum fat were collected. The paper was divided into 6 experiments. Experiment 1 compared the composition of FA and AA of cashmere goats KG and AG diets under the conditions of natural grazing and rounding and feeding. Experiment 2 and Experiment 3 studied the differences in FA, AA content and composition of cashmere goat KG and AG mutton, and the influence of age on the quality of sheep mutton under the condition of natural grazing and rounding and feeding, respectively. Experiment 4 studied the nature of the fattening method and age. The blood biochemical indexes related to the metabolism of KG and AG fat and protein metabolism and the changes of tissue enzyme activity in cashmere goats and cashmere goats were studied. The effects of fattening mode and age on the metabolism of fat and protein in cashmere goats were discussed. Experiment 5 and test 6 studied the KG and AG fatty generation of cashmere goats under the conditions of natural grazing and fattening. The variation of mRNA and protein expression of protein metabolism related genes, the main mechanism of the difference of mutton quality in two fattening conditions was analyzed from gene transcription and protein expression level. The following results were obtained under the test conditions: (1) analysis of dietary FA content and food intake, compared with group PF, SFA content in SF diet C16:0 and C18:0 are high, followed by C17:0, C15:0, C20:0, C13:0; MUFA content and food intake are higher, which are mainly C18:ln-9c, followed by C15:1, C18:1n-9t, C22:1n-9 and C17:1: the content of Omega and food is higher. 0:4n-6, the content of Omega -3PUFA and food intake were low, the main C18:3n-3, followed by EPA. (2) from the diet AA content and food intake analysis. Compared with the PF group, the EAA content and food intake of the SF group were higher, mainly Leu and Arg, followed by Thr, His and intake. The content and food intake are high, mainly Met, BCAA content and food intake, which is mainly Leu, followed by Val, FAA content and food intake is higher, which is mainly Glu, followed by Leu and Arg, DAA content and higher food intake, mainly Glu, Cys, Cys, 3), most muscles and fat groups The SFA content of the fabric is high, the main FA is C18:0, followed by C16:0, C14:0, C20:0, C17:0, C22:0, C10:0, C8:0; the MUFA content is higher. The SFA content of most muscles and adipose tissues in AG is higher than that of EPA and DHA., and the main FA is C18:0 and C16:0, and the second is C4:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, etc. If C18:3n-3, followed by EPA and DHA. (4) compared with the PF group, the majority of the muscle tissues in the SF group are higher in EAA, mainly Leu, followed by Lys, Val, His, Phe, and Met. U, Lys, Thr, Phe, and NEAA are higher, which are mainly Glu, followed by Asp, Ala, Gly, Ser, and BCAA. And the content of IGF-1, NEFA, HDL-C, COR and Leptin, significantly increased the ACC of the serum, liver, subcutaneous fat and the longest muscle in the back, FAS, MDH, LPL, SCD and pGSK3 beta activity. The activity of ACC and pGSK3 beta in the serum and tissue of the AG group was significantly higher than that in the KG group, while LPL, HSL and SCD activity was opposite. (6) compared with the PF group, the SF group up regulated the expression quantity of muscle, fat and liver tissue. The expression of nRNA in DGAT1, SREBP-1c and C/EBPa increased significantly, while the expression of mRNA in SCD, Pref-1, HSL, LPL and beta -catenin decreased significantly. The regularity of protein expression in the Wnt signaling pathway was similar to that of gene transcription. (7) compared with PF, the group significantly increased the expression of muscle in muscle and decreased significantly. 1mRNA expression, compared with the KG group, the AG group significantly reduced the mRNA expression of mTOR and S6K1 in the muscles, and significantly increased the mRNA expression of 4EBP1. The regularity of protein expression in the mTOR signaling pathway was similar to that of the gene transcription rule. The nutritional value of weaning lamb is better than that of adult cashmere goats. One of the main reasons is that the content and composition of FA in the diet are different under the two fattening conditions. Compared with the grazing and fattening, the content of PUFA in the diet is reduced, and the expression of FAS, ACC and SREBP1c mRNA in the tissue and the ab initio synthesis in the tissue is improved, and the ab initio phase is improved. The activity of ACC, FAS, SCD and MDH and the content of INS and IGF-1 in the serum resulted in an increase in the content of SFA and MUFA in the body tissues, and C18:2n6, C18:3n-3 and EPA in the diet were the main causes of the corresponding FA differences in body tissues. The AA composition of lamb and mutton is better than that of Adult Cashmere goat. One of the main reasons is that the content of AA in the diet is different from that of the diet, and the content of Leu in the diet is high, and the content of INS and IGF-1 in the serum is higher, the mTOR signaling pathway is activated, the mRNA of mTOR, S6K1,4EBP1 and the expression of phosphorylated protein are enhanced, and then the content of the mTOR and the phosphorylated protein is promoted. Protein synthesis reduced BCAT1 and BCKD activity and increased BCAA content in muscle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S827
，

本文編號(hào)：1923040