發(fā)布時間：2017-12-31 06:27

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于語料庫的英語Let結(jié)構(gòu)之加的夫語法視角研究　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： let結(jié)構(gòu) 加的夫語法 及物性 語氣 功能句法

【摘要】：本研究中的英語let結(jié)構(gòu),是指英語中以let引導(dǎo)的祈使句結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)在現(xiàn)代英語中是一種非常復(fù)雜的語言現(xiàn)象。因其語義和句法的特殊性與元穩(wěn)定性,該結(jié)構(gòu)在祈使句研究中通常被邊緣化,鮮有學(xué)者對該結(jié)構(gòu)作過細致而系統(tǒng)的專題研究�，F(xiàn)有文獻對let結(jié)構(gòu)的研究主要集中在句法層面(比如該結(jié)構(gòu)的主語、let的詞性問題等),對該結(jié)構(gòu)的語義研究較為有限,同時對該結(jié)構(gòu)的語義及其句法體現(xiàn)形式描寫也較為缺乏基于大規(guī)模語料庫真實數(shù)據(jù)的實證性基礎(chǔ)。鑒于此,本研究在系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)的加的夫語法理論框架內(nèi),基于《美國當代英語語料庫》,對英語let結(jié)構(gòu)的及物性系統(tǒng)、語氣系統(tǒng)和功能句法進行系統(tǒng)分析,以期揭示該結(jié)構(gòu)的語義和句法特征,深化對該結(jié)構(gòu)使用本質(zhì)的認識,旨在豐富和發(fā)展作為普通語言學(xué)和適用語言學(xué)的系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)理論,同時為其他語言理論對該結(jié)構(gòu)的研究提供參考。本研究采用定性和定量相結(jié)合的研究方法,試圖解決以下三個方面的問題:第一,英語let結(jié)構(gòu)在及物性上有哪些過程類型和參與者角色配置模式?該結(jié)構(gòu)及物性的系統(tǒng)分布特征怎樣?第二,英語let結(jié)構(gòu)的語氣人稱和語氣意義有何關(guān)系?該結(jié)構(gòu)語氣的系統(tǒng)分布特征怎樣?第三,英語let結(jié)構(gòu)有哪些句法特征?該結(jié)構(gòu)及物性和語氣的句法體現(xiàn)形式是怎樣的?本研究在介紹研究背景、研究意義和研究設(shè)計后,對英語let結(jié)構(gòu)的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀進行梳理,以明確現(xiàn)有研究的貢獻與不足,為下文對該結(jié)構(gòu)的進一步研究提供基礎(chǔ);然后介紹加的夫語法,重點論述其研究范式、及物性系統(tǒng)理論、語氣系統(tǒng)理論和功能句法理論,以確立本研究的理論基礎(chǔ),指出英語let結(jié)構(gòu)的加的夫語法研究途徑;接著以加的夫語法為理論框架,分別對英語let結(jié)構(gòu)的及物性系統(tǒng)、語氣系統(tǒng)以及功能句法進行詳細描寫和分析,旨在明確該結(jié)構(gòu)在語言實際使用中的經(jīng)驗建構(gòu)模式、交際角色選擇和句法體現(xiàn)形式;最后總結(jié)全文。本研究采用加的夫語法的分析方法,對從《美國當代英語語料庫》中收集的3221條let結(jié)構(gòu)語料抽樣作基于情景語境的仔細分析和統(tǒng)計,得出以下主要研究結(jié)論:第一,在及物性方面,總體來看,英語let結(jié)構(gòu)在及物性過程類型上,主要體現(xiàn)的是行動過程、心理過程、關(guān)系過程和影響過程;環(huán)境過程的分布概率非常小;該結(jié)構(gòu)不能體現(xiàn)事件-相關(guān)過程。在各過程類型中,行動過程主要涉及兩個參與者;心理過程主要為認知型;關(guān)系過程主要為地點型和方向型;影響過程主要涉及隱性施動者。let結(jié)構(gòu)的及物性過程類型與let能否體現(xiàn)過程意義有較大的關(guān)聯(lián)。在各過程類型中,行動過程和心理過程主要涉及該結(jié)構(gòu)中l(wèi)et的語法化用法;影響過程主要涉及l(fā)et的實義動詞用法;而關(guān)系過程則與let的實義動詞用法和語法化用法都有所涉及。具體來看,let結(jié)構(gòu)的各種形式所體現(xiàn)的及物性過程類型在分布概率上表現(xiàn)出較大差異。let‘s結(jié)構(gòu)主要體現(xiàn)行動過程、心理過程和關(guān)系過程,體現(xiàn)影響過程的分布概率非常小。letus結(jié)構(gòu)和let‘s結(jié)構(gòu)基本相似,不同的是該結(jié)構(gòu)中影響過程的分布概率較大;這說明let‘s結(jié)構(gòu)和letus結(jié)構(gòu)在及物性上既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別。在letme結(jié)構(gòu)中,心理過程的分布概率最大,其次是行動過程,關(guān)系過程和影響過程的分布概率相差不大。lethim/her/them結(jié)構(gòu)在過程類型分布概率上較為相似,其中影響過程的分布概率較高,其他過程類型分布概率都較小。在letit結(jié)構(gòu)中,雖然影響過程的分布概率也最大,但關(guān)系過程也有較大的分布概率;該結(jié)構(gòu)還能體現(xiàn)環(huán)境過程。letthere結(jié)構(gòu)主要涉及關(guān)系過程,過程類型較為單一。在let+專名結(jié)構(gòu)中,雖然影響過程的分布概率仍然最大,但該結(jié)構(gòu)在其他過程類型中的分布概率較lethim/her/them/it結(jié)構(gòu)有明顯提升。let結(jié)構(gòu)的各種具體形式所體現(xiàn)的及物性過程類型,在參與者角色的配置模式及其系統(tǒng)分布上也表現(xiàn)出較大差異。對let結(jié)構(gòu)的及物性分析表明,該結(jié)構(gòu)在現(xiàn)代英語中建構(gòu)了復(fù)雜的人類世界經(jīng)驗,是反映現(xiàn)實世界的重要詞匯語法資源。第二,在語氣方面,let結(jié)構(gòu)的語氣人稱和語氣意義受情景語境和個體的話語目的嚴格制約。總體來看,該結(jié)構(gòu)主要體現(xiàn)的是[行動提議]和[正式希望]。在[行動提議]中,有[會話雙方]、[發(fā)話方]、[受話方]和[第三方]四種選擇。在[行動提議]中,不同的人稱指向能體現(xiàn)具有不同祈使力等級的語氣意義。當語氣人稱指向會話雙方時,主要體現(xiàn)[堅決提議]、[假設(shè)]和[希望]。當語氣人稱指向發(fā)話方時,主要體現(xiàn)[提供]、[建議]、[思考]和[希望]。當語氣人稱指向受話方時,主要體現(xiàn)[命令]、[要求]、[建議]和[希望]。當語氣人稱指向第三方時,主要體現(xiàn)[堅決提議]和[希望]。具體來說,let結(jié)構(gòu)的各種具體形式體現(xiàn)出不同的語氣系統(tǒng)分布特征。let‘s結(jié)構(gòu)和letus結(jié)構(gòu)在語氣特征上既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別:該兩種結(jié)構(gòu)除了語氣人稱都主要指向會話雙方,并主要體現(xiàn)[堅決提議]外,其語氣人稱還能在特定語境下指向發(fā)話方和受話方,體現(xiàn)[提供]、[建議]、[要求]等意義;所不同的是letus結(jié)構(gòu)還能體現(xiàn)對受話方的[命令]。letme結(jié)構(gòu)具有較強的語法化特征,在語氣人稱上有[發(fā)話方]和[受話方]兩種選擇,其中選擇[發(fā)話方]的概率較大;在語氣人稱指向發(fā)話方時,主要體現(xiàn)[提供]和[建議];當語氣人稱指向受話方時,主要體現(xiàn)[要求]。let/him/her/them/it結(jié)構(gòu)在語氣人稱上有[受話方]和[第三方]兩種選擇,其中選擇[受話方]的概率較大;當語氣人稱指向受話方時,此類結(jié)構(gòu)能體現(xiàn)[命令]、[要求]、[建議]和[希望]四種主要語氣意義,其中[建議]和[要求]的分布概率較大;當語氣人稱指向第三方時,主要體現(xiàn)[堅決提議]和[希望],其中[堅決提議]的分布概率較大。letthere結(jié)構(gòu)在現(xiàn)代英語中是一種規(guī)約式的、程式化的表達發(fā)話者臆想或希望的結(jié)構(gòu),其多體現(xiàn)[正式希望];只有在非常特殊的語境下,才有[受話方]語氣人稱選擇,并體現(xiàn)[要求]。let+專名結(jié)構(gòu)的語氣人稱也有[受話方]和[第三方]兩種選擇,但指向第三方的分布概率較大;當語氣人稱指向第三方時,主要體現(xiàn)[堅決提議];當語氣人稱指向受話方時,主要體現(xiàn)[建議]和[要求]。英語let結(jié)構(gòu)語氣人稱和語氣意義在語言實際使用中的多樣性,為言語互動者的交際角色選擇及其人際功能的實現(xiàn)提供了豐富的詞匯語法資源。第三,在句法體現(xiàn)形式方面,let結(jié)構(gòu)的句法體現(xiàn)形式與let的語義功能有較大的關(guān)涉。根據(jù)let的語義功能,該結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種功能結(jié)構(gòu):一種是具有實義動詞特征的let引導(dǎo)的一般祈使句結(jié)構(gòu),其中l(wèi)et為主動詞,潛在的受話者you為主語;另一種是具有語法化特征的let引導(dǎo)的特殊祈使句結(jié)構(gòu),其中起語氣標記語功能的let為小句的直接成分(即l成分),let之后的名詞詞組為主語。從意義和形式的體現(xiàn)關(guān)系看,作為一般祈使句的let結(jié)構(gòu)在及物性上的主要句法體現(xiàn)形式為:(s)^m^c,即隱性主語^主動詞^補語;在語氣上的主要句法體現(xiàn)形式為:(s)或(s)^o,即隱性主語或隱性主語^操作語。作為特殊祈使句的let結(jié)構(gòu)在及物性上的主要句法體現(xiàn)形式為:s^m^c,即主語^主動詞^補語;在語氣上的主要句法體現(xiàn)形式為:l^s或o^l,即l成分^主語或操作語^l成分。letthere結(jié)構(gòu)具有一定的特殊性,其及物性的句法體現(xiàn)形式主要為:m^c^(c),即主動詞^補語^隱性補語;其語氣的主要句法體現(xiàn)形式為:l^s,即l成分^主語。本研究基于《美國當代英語語料庫》,在系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)的加的夫語法理論框架下,對英語let結(jié)構(gòu)的及物性系統(tǒng)和語氣系統(tǒng)作了較為精密的描寫,并對該結(jié)構(gòu)的句法體現(xiàn)形式作了較為詳細的分析。在語義上,打破了主要從語氣視角對該結(jié)構(gòu)進行分析的局限;在句法上,從功能視角重新審視了該結(jié)構(gòu)的句法問題。研究表明英語let結(jié)構(gòu)是建構(gòu)世界經(jīng)驗和踐行人際關(guān)系的重要詞匯語法資源。本研究凸顯了系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)的多功能思想、系統(tǒng)思想、語境思想和詞匯是最精密語法思想,驗證了加的夫語法在解釋具體語言現(xiàn)象上的適用性和可操作性,同時豐富和發(fā)展了系統(tǒng)功能語義理論和句法理論,對語篇描寫、理論生成和外語教學(xué)都具有一定的研究啟示。本研究對英語let結(jié)構(gòu)的語義及其句法體現(xiàn)形式分析力求全面、系統(tǒng),以期呈現(xiàn)該結(jié)構(gòu)在真實語境中的使用本質(zhì)。期待相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的未來研究能對該結(jié)構(gòu)作出更加科學(xué)、全面、系統(tǒng)的解釋。
[Abstract]:English let structure in this study, refers to the English let to guide the imperative sentence structure. The structure is a very complicated language phenomenon in modern English. Because of the particularity and the element of the stability of semantic and syntactic structure, which are typically marginalized in the imperative to study, few scholars of the the structure of meticulously and systematically study. Research on the let structure of the existing literature mainly focused on the syntactic level (POS let such as the structure of the subject, etc.), limited to the study of semantic structure, the semantic and syntactic structure of the body are also lack of empirical description of large-scale corpus based on the real data. In view of this, this study in systemic functional linguistics theory within the framework of the Cardiff grammar, corpus of contemporary American English based on < >, the transitivity system in English let structure, tone system and function The syntax for system analysis, in order to reveal the semantic and syntactic features of the structure, deepen the understanding of the nature of the structure, to enrich and develop the theory of systemic functional linguistics and general linguistics applied linguistics, and other linguistic theory to research the structure of reference. This research adopts the method of qualitative and quantitative, trying to solve the following three problems: first, English let structure which process types and participant roles configuration mode in transitivity system? How the distribution features of the structure and properties of? Second, English let structure tone said what is the relationship between mood and meaning? How the distribution features of the structure of the tone system third, let? What are the syntactic features of English syntactic structure? The transitivity and tone of the form is what kind of? In this study, introduces the research background, research significance The design and research, combing the status of research on English let structure at home and abroad, to clarify the contributions and shortcomings of the current research, provide the basis for further research on the structure; then introduces the Cardiff grammar, focuses on the research paradigm, transitivity system theory, theory and function of the tone system of syntactic theory, theoretical basis the establishment of this study, pointed out that the Cardiff grammar approach to English let structure; and then to the Cardiff grammar as the theoretical framework of English let structure of the transitivity system, mood system and functional syntax for a detailed description and analysis, aims to clear the experience of the structure in the actual use of language in the construction mode, communicative role and syntactic choice form; the final text of the summary. This research adopts the analysis method of the Cardiff grammar, 3221 let language structure collected from < > in the corpus of contemporary American English The material sampling detailed analysis and statistics based on the situational context, draw the following conclusions: first, in terms of transitivity, overall, English let structure in the transitivity process type, is mainly reflected in the action process, mental process, relational process and influence process; probability distribution of environmental processes is very small; the structure can not reflect the event - related process. In the process of type, action process mainly involves two participants; psychological process is mainly cognitive process; relationship mainly for location type and direction; influence process mainly involves the implicit action processes of transitivity types and let.Let structure can reflect the significance of the process of in the process. Types, grammatical usage action and psychological process mainly involves the structure of let; impact process mainly involves let verb usage; and the relationship between process and let Verb usage and grammar usage are involved. Specifically, the types of transitivity processes of various forms of let structure on the probability distribution showed a greater difference of.Let 's structure mainly reflects the course of action, mental and relational process, reflecting the impact of the probability distribution process is very small.Letus and let' s similar structure, different is the probability distribution of great influence in the structure; the let 's and letus structure in transitivity on both connections and differences. In letme, the probability distribution of the psychological process of the largest, followed by a course of action, relationship between the process and the influence probability distribution process had little difference the.Lethim/her/them structure in the process type of probability distribution is similar, which affect the process of distribution of probability is higher, other process types are small. The probability distribution in the letit structure, although the effect The maximum probability distribution process, but the process has a greater probability distribution; it can also reflect the environmental.Letthere structure mainly involves the relationship between process, process of single type. In let+ proper structure, although the impact probability distribution process is still the largest, but the probability distribution of the structure in the process of other types of lethim/her/them/it structure there are various types of transitivity processes significantly enhance the specific form of.Let structure according to the allocation patterns in the role and distribution system has obvious difference. The let structure and properties analysis shows that the construction of the complex human world experience in modern English, which reflects the important lexicogrammatical resources reality the rest of the world. Second, in tone, tone, tone and structure let person meaning by the situational context and individual discourse to strictly control the overall. 鏉ョ湅,璇ョ粨鏋勪富瑕佷綋鐜扮殑鏄痆琛屽姩鎻愯�甝鍜孾姝ｅ紡甯屾湜].鍦╗琛屽姩鎻愯�甝涓，

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