發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-01 23:14

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：智利“芝加哥弟子”研究（1953-1982）　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： “芝加哥弟子” “智利項(xiàng)目” 芝加哥學(xué)派 智利天主教大學(xué) 新自由主義改革

【摘要】：智利“芝加哥弟子”是美國冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期通過意識形態(tài)輸出干涉發(fā)展中國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展道路的典型案例，同時(shí)，他們還領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了皮諾切特獨(dú)裁政府的新自由主義改革，通過該個案研究，可以深入探討美國對外文化輸出戰(zhàn)略、新自由主義改革和官僚威權(quán)主義下的專家治國等重要的理論問題。但是，國內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界對“芝加哥弟子”沒有給予足夠的重視，對其系統(tǒng)性的全面研究不多。本文正是在搜集整理史料的基礎(chǔ)上，對“芝加哥弟子”完整的歷史活動進(jìn)行梳理，同時(shí)，給予其客觀、全面和合理的評價(jià)。 智利“芝加哥弟子”源于美國國際開發(fā)署對智利發(fā)起的對外援助項(xiàng)目即“智利項(xiàng)目”。該項(xiàng)目的出臺既是冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期美國政府通過意識形態(tài)輸出的方式對抗共產(chǎn)主義的產(chǎn)物，也是20世紀(jì)50年代初期苦于無法解決通貨膨脹問題的智利尋求外國援助的結(jié)果。1956年至1964年期間，不同批次的“芝加哥弟子”不僅在芝加哥大學(xué)接受了芝加哥學(xué)派的理論，而且，他們還建立起改變智利經(jīng)濟(jì)的使命意識。赴美交流的“芝加哥弟子”陸續(xù)回到智利，他們首先參與到天主教大學(xué)的教學(xué)活動中，利用芝加哥所學(xué)成功地改造了天主教大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)系。然后，，他們通過和智利商界中與美國聯(lián)系密切的最有實(shí)力的商業(yè)集團(tuán)——愛德華茲集團(tuán)進(jìn)行合作，參與到?jīng)Q定智利經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方向的行動中，為即將成立的軍政府準(zhǔn)備了經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃。1973年軍政變后，皮諾切特在智利建立了軍事獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治，他啟用具有專業(yè)才能的“芝加哥弟子”管理經(jīng)濟(jì)。1975年4月，“芝加哥弟子”在智利開始新自由主義改革。改革嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行了芝加哥學(xué)派的教義——反對國家干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，建立完全自由市場機(jī)制。改革取得了相當(dāng)?shù)某删停�但是，也付出了沉重的社會代價(jià)。 “芝加哥弟子”的產(chǎn)生是美國冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期文化輸出戰(zhàn)略、智利當(dāng)時(shí)的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢、芝加哥學(xué)派的支持和該群體個人作用等多種因素的結(jié)果�！爸ゼ痈绲茏印鳖I(lǐng)導(dǎo)的新自由主義改革，給智利引入了市場機(jī)制和經(jīng)濟(jì)開放，他們將智利現(xiàn)代化引入了新階段。該群體對智利現(xiàn)代化的貢獻(xiàn)應(yīng)該被肯定。但是，由于教條地執(zhí)行新自由主義主張，“芝加哥弟子”給智利社會帶來了沉重的社會代價(jià)。他們還為皮諾切特的軍事獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治重新塑造了意識形態(tài)，鞏固了當(dāng)時(shí)的政治統(tǒng)治，同時(shí)，作為技術(shù)專家，他們促進(jìn)了智利專家政治的發(fā)展。“芝加哥弟子”對智利和拉美經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)科的發(fā)展也做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)，他們不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了智利天主教大學(xué)的革新，還促進(jìn)了拉美地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論的多樣化，培養(yǎng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人才。
[Abstract]:The Chicago disciple in Chile was a typical example of American interference in the economic development of developing countries through ideological export during the Cold War. At the same time, they also led the neoliberal reform of Pinochet's autocratic government. Through this case study, we can deeply discuss some important theoretical issues, such as the export strategy of American foreign culture, the reform of neoliberalism and the rule of experts under bureaucratic authoritarianism. The academic circles at home and abroad have not paid enough attention to "Chicago disciple", and there are few systematic and comprehensive studies on it. This paper is based on collecting and sorting out historical data. At the same time, it gives an objective, comprehensive and reasonable evaluation of the complete historical activities of disciple of Chicago. "Chicago disciple" of Chile originated from the "Chile Project", a foreign aid project launched by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in Chile. The project was launched as a product of the American government's campaign against communism through ideological exports during the Cold War. It was also the result of Chile's search for foreign assistance in the beginning of 1950s, which was unable to solve the inflation problem. Between 1956 and 1964. Different batches of "Chicago disciples" not only accepted the Chicago School at the University of Chicago, but also. They also established a sense of mission to change the Chilean economy. "Chicago disciples" who traveled to the United States returned to Chile one after another, and they first took part in teaching activities at Catholic universities. Chicago was used to successfully transform the economics department at the Catholic University. Then, they worked with the Edwards Group, the most powerful business group in Chilean business that had close ties to the United States. In the process of determining the direction of Chile's economy, economic plans have been prepared for the forthcoming military junta, where Pinochet established a military dictatorship after a military coup in 1973. He used the professional "Chicago disciple" to manage the economy. April 1975. "Chicago disciples" began neoliberal reform in Chile. The reform strictly carried out the doctrine of the Chicago School-against state intervention in the economy, the establishment of a complete free market mechanism. The reform achieved considerable success. However, it has also paid a heavy social price. The emergence of "Chicago disciple" is the cultural export strategy of the United States during the Cold War period, and the political and economic situation of Chile at that time. The support of Chicago School and the result of many factors such as the individual role of this group. The Neo-liberalism Reform led by "Chicago disciple" introduced the market mechanism and economic opening to Chile. They introduced the modernization of Chile into a new stage. This group's contribution to the modernization of Chile should be recognized. However, because of the dogmatic implementation of neoliberalism. "Chicago disciples" brought heavy social costs to Chilean society. They also reshaped the ideology of Pinochet's military dictatorship, consolidated the political rule of the time, and served as technical experts. They promoted the development of expert politics in Chile. "Chicago disciples" also made important contributions to the development of economic disciplines in Chile and Latin America. They not only realized the innovation of the Catholic University of Chile. It also promoted the diversification of economic theories in Latin America and trained economic talents.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：K153

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