發(fā)布時間：2018-02-15 01:04

  本文關鍵詞： 馬克思 人的本質 當代實現(xiàn)　出處：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：1845年馬克思在《關于費爾巴哈的提綱》中明確提出了 "人的本質"思想,指出"人的本質不是單個人所固有的抽象物,在其現(xiàn)實性上,它是一切社會關系的總和。"之后,恩格斯和列寧對該思想進行了豐富和完善,中國的馬克思主義者們也在不同時期進行了繼承和發(fā)展。當前,中國改革開放處于深化階段,積極探討馬克思"人的本質"思想,對于充分尊重人的主體性地位、實現(xiàn)人的價值以及發(fā)揮人的主觀能動性具有重要的現(xiàn)實價值。人民群眾是進行改革開放的主體,人民群眾的作用發(fā)揮的如何對于協(xié)調推進"四個全面"戰(zhàn)略布局,實現(xiàn)"兩個一百年"奮斗目標及中華民族偉大復興的中國夢也具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。論文說明了"馬克思'人的本質'思想及其在當代中國實現(xiàn)"的研究目的、研究意義與研究現(xiàn)狀等問題,為下一步論文的寫作作好鋪墊。論文論述了馬克思"人的本質"思想的產生與內涵。在馬克思"人的本質"思想的產生即形成背景方面從經濟條件、社會政治狀況和思想基礎三個方面進行了分析。論文在馬克思"人的本質"思想的內涵方面,認為可以從勞動是人的本質規(guī)定性、"人的本質"是一切社會關系的總和以及人的解放是"人的本質"思想的崇高目標三個方面理解其"人的本質"的科學含義。論文探討了馬克思"人的本質"思想在中國馬克思主義者中的歷史探索。認為中國的馬克思主義者們對其內容進行了豐富和完善。他們非常關注馬克思對人的重視即"人的本質"思想,并且能結合中國革命與建設不同時期的具體情況對人的問題進行不懈探索。中國馬克思主義者們對馬克思"人的本質"思想的探索成果主要包括毛澤東關于"發(fā)揮人的主觀能動性"、鄧小平關于"尊重人解放人發(fā)展人"、江澤民關于"人的全面發(fā)展"、胡錦濤關于"以人為本"以及習近平關于"以人民為中心"的思想。論文對馬克思"人的本質"思想在當代中國的實現(xiàn)情況進行了分析。認為馬克思"人的本質"思想在當代中國實現(xiàn)的情況有成效也存在問題。所取得的成效表現(xiàn)在理論探討和實踐成果兩個方面。所存在的問題主要表現(xiàn)在人與自然關系、社會條件和個人需要等三個方面。筆者從三個層面總結了馬克思"人的本質"思想在當代中國實現(xiàn)存在的問題的原因。論文闡述了馬克思"人的本質"思想在當代中國進一步實現(xiàn)的有效途徑。認為可以從國家維度的戰(zhàn)略舉措、社會領域的具體方式和個人視角的有效方法三個方面來探討。國家維度中的戰(zhàn)略舉措包括經濟、政治、文化和生態(tài)文明建設等,社會視域中的具體方式包括社會制度、人文關懷和心理健康教育等方面,個人視角中的有效方法包括社會實踐、能力提升和自身素質等方面。
[Abstract]:In 1845, Marx put forward the idea of "the essence of man" in outline of Feuerbach, and pointed out that "the essence of man is not the abstract thing inherent in a single human being, and in its reality, it is the sum total of all social relations." Engels and Lenin enriched and perfected the thought, and the Marxists in China also inherited and developed it at different times. At present, China's reform and opening up is in the deepening stage, actively exploring Marx's thought of "human nature". It has important practical value for fully respecting the subjective status of human beings, realizing the value of human beings and giving full play to the subjective initiative of human beings. The masses of the people are the main body of the reform and opening up. How does the role of the people play a role in coordinating and promoting the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, Chinese Dream, who has realized the goal of "two hundred years" and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, also has important practical significance. The significance of the research and the status quo of the research, The paper discusses the origin and connotation of Marx's thought of "the essence of human beings". In terms of the background of the emergence of Marx's thought of "human essence", the paper discusses the economic conditions of the formation of the thought of "the essence of human beings". This paper analyzes the social and political situation and ideological basis. The author holds that the scientific meaning of "human essence" can be understood from three aspects: labor is the essential stipulation of human beings, "human essence" is the sum of all social relations and the liberation of human beings is the lofty goal of the thought of "human essence". This paper probes into the historical exploration of Marx's "human essence" thought among Chinese Marxists, and thinks that the Marxists in China have enriched and perfected its contents. They pay close attention to the importance of Marx to human beings. The thought of "the essence of man", And can combine the specific situation of Chinese revolution and construction different period to carry on the unremitting exploration to the question of the human being. The Chinese Marxists' exploration achievement to Marx's thought of "the essence of human" mainly includes Mao Zedong about "hair" Deng Xiaoping's thoughts on "respecting people, liberating people and developing people", Jiang Zemin on "all-round development of human beings", Hu Jintao on "taking people as the center" and Hu Jintao on "taking the people as the center". This paper analyzes the realization of Marx's "human essence" in contemporary China, and thinks that there are still some problems in the realization of Marx's "human essence" in contemporary China. On the two aspects of discussion and practical achievement. The existing problems are mainly manifested in the relationship between man and nature. The author summarizes the causes of the problems existing in the realization of Marx's "human essence" thought in contemporary China from three aspects. The paper expounds the importance of Marx's "human essence" thought. The effective way to realize further in China... Think that from the national dimension of the strategic measures, The strategic measures in the national dimension include economic, political, cultural and ecological civilization construction, and the specific ways in the social horizon include the social system. In the aspects of humanistic care and mental health education, the effective methods in personal perspective include social practice, ability improvement and self-quality.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D61;B038

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