發(fā)布時間：2018-02-16 06:31

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 房屋買賣式擔(dān)保 禁止流押 清算義務(wù)　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：房屋買賣式擔(dān)保中同時存在借款合同法律關(guān)系和買賣合同法律關(guān)系,雙方為了擔(dān)保借款合同的履行而簽訂買賣合同,雙方簽訂買賣合同的核心在于以標(biāo)的物所有權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移來履行債務(wù),買賣合同的簽訂僅是作為債務(wù)履行的方式。由于雙方之間原有的債權(quán)債務(wù)關(guān)系是金錢給付之債,債務(wù)人以房屋抵償原有債務(wù)的合同構(gòu)成一種新債,且這兩種債務(wù)的內(nèi)容已發(fā)生了明顯變化,如果從所簽訂的買賣合同的內(nèi)容來看,雙方均沒有消滅原有債權(quán)債務(wù)關(guān)系的意思表示,則此時新舊債務(wù)并存,構(gòu)成新債清償。從法律解釋的角度來看,在新債清償?shù)慕忉尫椒ㄏ?只有在受領(lǐng)新的給付之后才消滅原債,替代給付實現(xiàn)不了的風(fēng)險不再由債權(quán)人承擔(dān),在存有疑義時將其推定為新債清償更有利于保護(hù)債權(quán)人的利益。雙方之間雖然沒有設(shè)立擔(dān)保物權(quán)的行為,但是買賣合同在功能上能夠擔(dān)保原債的履行。一方面,買賣合同通過對于合同雙方權(quán)利義務(wù)的設(shè)置能夠通過標(biāo)的物價格的波動和債務(wù)不履行時標(biāo)的物所有權(quán)的變動來實現(xiàn)擔(dān)保債務(wù)人還款的目的,另一方面,在債務(wù)履行期間或債務(wù)履行期屆滿,雙方可經(jīng)合意將借款本息轉(zhuǎn)化為購房款,使債權(quán)人獲得標(biāo)的物的所有權(quán)以保障債權(quán)人的權(quán)利。《民間借貸規(guī)定》第24條之所以規(guī)定必經(jīng)清算程序,是因為在標(biāo)的物價值大大超過被擔(dān)保債權(quán)額的場合由于當(dāng)事人的直接以房屋抵頂借款的行為存在著損害債務(wù)人權(quán)利的危險。但是,此種擔(dān)保方式是否合理涉及價值判斷,往往會因為判斷主體的不同而結(jié)果迥異。法院對清算程序的設(shè)置主要考慮的是平衡雙方當(dāng)事人的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,也因此回避認(rèn)定買賣合同的效力問題。而針對房屋買賣式擔(dān)保的特殊性,我們不能僅僅考慮經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的權(quán)衡,更要考慮債權(quán)人特別的合同目的和第24條的適用前提,要盡量使雙方創(chuàng)設(shè)的這種新的交易類型在法律上得到公正的評判,尊重當(dāng)事人之間對于權(quán)利義務(wù)的安排。因此,對比房屋買賣式擔(dān)保中買賣合同與流質(zhì)條款,可知買賣合同不會因為違反禁止流押的規(guī)定而無效,債權(quán)人可以請求履行買賣合同。如果必經(jīng)清算程序,在清算方法和清算形式的運用上,基于成本和效率的考量,拍賣不宜作為積極倡導(dǎo)的方式,應(yīng)該遵守約定優(yōu)先原則,在適用清算程序時靈活運用多種變價形式。
[Abstract]:The legal relationship between the loan contract and the sale contract exists simultaneously in the house sale guarantee, and the two sides sign the purchase and sale contract in order to guarantee the performance of the loan contract. The core of the contract of sale and purchase between the two parties is to fulfill the debt by the transfer of ownership of the subject matter, and the signing of the contract of sale and purchase is only a way of performing the debt. Since the original relationship between the two parties is a debt paid by money, The debtor's contract to pay off the original debt with the house constitutes a new debt, and the contents of these two debts have changed markedly, if the contents of the contract of sale and purchase have been entered into, If neither party has any intention of eliminating the original relationship between creditor's rights and debts, then the new and old debts coexist and constitute a new debt settlement. From the angle of legal interpretation, under the interpretation method of the new debt settlement, The original debt will be eliminated only after receiving the new payment, and the risk that the replacement payment will not be realized will no longer be borne by the creditor. In case of doubt, it is more beneficial to protect the interests of the creditor by deducting it as a new debt settlement. Although there is no act of establishing a security interest between the two parties, the contract of sale and purchase can guarantee the performance of the original debt functionally... on the one hand, By setting up the rights and obligations of both parties to the contract, the sale contract can achieve the purpose of guaranteeing the debtor's repayment through the fluctuation of the price of the subject matter and the change of the title of the subject matter when the debt fails to perform, on the other hand, During the period of debt performance or the expiration of the period of debt performance, the two parties may, by mutual agreement, convert the principal and interest of the loan into the purchase of a house, Enabling creditors to acquire ownership of the subject matter in order to protect the rights of creditors. Article 24 of the provisions on Folk Lending stipulates that liquidation procedures must go through, Because in cases where the value of the subject matter exceeds the amount of the secured claim, there is a risk of harming the rights of the debtor as a result of the parties' direct borrowing against the house. However, whether such a form of security is reasonable involves a value judgement, There are often different results because of the different subjects of judgment. The main consideration of the court in setting up the liquidation procedure is to balance the economic interests of both parties. In view of the particularity of the house sale guarantee, we should not only consider the balance of economic interests, but also consider the special contractual purpose of the creditor and the applicable premise of Article 24. This new type of transaction created by both parties should be judged fairly by law and the arrangement of rights and obligations between the parties should be respected. We can see that the contract of sale and purchase will not be invalidated because of the violation of the prohibition on flow of charges, and the creditor may request the performance of the contract of sale. If the liquidation procedure is necessary, the application of the liquidation method and the form of liquidation is based on cost and efficiency considerations. Auction should not be an active way to advocate, should abide by the principle of agreed priority, flexible use of various forms of variable price in the application of liquidation procedures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.6

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