發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-03 13:07

【摘要】：隨著光通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展,光接入網(wǎng)作為光信號(hào)傳輸?shù)某休d單元也實(shí)現(xiàn)了大范圍鋪設(shè),使得人人都可享受到光通信所帶來的便利。光接入網(wǎng)中光纖的分布更加密集,光纖到戶實(shí)現(xiàn)了多根光纖在幾米甚至更短間隔的鋪設(shè),這就對(duì)檢測技術(shù)提出了很高的要求。若精度無法分辨出這幾米內(nèi)的多根光纖,則光纖一旦發(fā)生故障,維護(hù)人員可能產(chǎn)生誤判,從而造成不必要的人力、物力的浪費(fèi)。另外,通信速率的提升也使運(yùn)營商更加重視光纖故障所造成的影響。因此,為了使通信故障造成的損失降到最低,縮短檢測和維修時(shí)間則是最有效的解決辦法。在光接入網(wǎng)故障后的檢測維修過程中,維修時(shí)間與故障定位的準(zhǔn)確性直接相關(guān)。光接入網(wǎng)中最常見且最易出現(xiàn)問題的地方就是光纖光纜。維護(hù)人員通常使用光時(shí)域反射儀進(jìn)行故障的排查,而該設(shè)備使用脈沖飛行法原理,存在故障的定位精度與探測距離矛盾的缺陷,限制了其在遠(yuǎn)距離測量中的定位精度(范圍超過十公里后精度降到幾十米甚至上百米),使得維修人員只能在精度范圍內(nèi)搜索排查,導(dǎo)致維修工作無法及時(shí)開展。雖然研究者提出了多種光纖故障定位的方法,但很難將遠(yuǎn)程高精度的定位功能用簡易的裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)。為了嚴(yán)格控制運(yùn)維成本,運(yùn)營商急需簡單、實(shí)用的監(jiān)測裝置才能實(shí)現(xiàn)分布日益廣泛的光接入網(wǎng)中光纖的維護(hù)。近些年來,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)法探測技術(shù)雖然可以實(shí)現(xiàn)大范圍高精度的故障探測,解決光時(shí)域反射儀測量故障存在的缺陷。但該方法對(duì)探測信號(hào)的要求相當(dāng)嚴(yán)格:周期性會(huì)限制探測距離,信號(hào)的帶寬會(huì)限制探測精度。因此,在相關(guān)法探測技術(shù)中,探測信號(hào)要求具備無周期性、高帶寬且產(chǎn)生裝置不復(fù)雜的條件后才可用于光網(wǎng)絡(luò)的故障監(jiān)測。如今的光接入網(wǎng)主要存在三種結(jié)構(gòu)形式:有源光網(wǎng)絡(luò)、無源波分復(fù)用光網(wǎng)絡(luò)、無源時(shí)分復(fù)用光網(wǎng)絡(luò)。由于各網(wǎng)絡(luò)布線結(jié)構(gòu)與信號(hào)傳輸方式不同,其對(duì)監(jiān)測裝置的要求也各有側(cè)重。本論文基于相關(guān)法原理,針對(duì)這三種網(wǎng)絡(luò)分別提出了相應(yīng)高精度監(jiān)測裝置,結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下:1.從現(xiàn)有光纖故障探測技術(shù)出發(fā),原理上分析了相關(guān)探測技術(shù)與其他技術(shù)相比的優(yōu)勢,以及該技術(shù)對(duì)探測信號(hào)的要求;2.在有源光網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,將網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的通信信號(hào)作為探測信號(hào),借助該信號(hào)具有的振蕩隨機(jī)且變化速率高的特性,在現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)中結(jié)合相關(guān)技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了實(shí)時(shí)的厘米級(jí)精度的故障監(jiān)測、定位功能;3.在無源波分復(fù)用光網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,由于各支路具有特定的波長信息,所以探測信號(hào)光譜范圍必須覆蓋網(wǎng)絡(luò)所有支路的波長信息,因此我們使用集成度高的超輻射發(fā)光二極管,利用其寬光譜及輸出信號(hào)振蕩隨機(jī)起伏的特性,實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)了大范圍高精度的故障監(jiān)測;4.在無源時(shí)分復(fù)用光網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,由于難以通過信號(hào)特征分辨具體支路,所以我們?cè)诟髦�路末端添加反射式光濾波器,濾波器的反射或故障點(diǎn)的菲涅爾反射提供多光反饋,使探測激光器產(chǎn)生混沌激光。該混沌激光信號(hào)的外腔時(shí)延(位置)信息即反映了反饋點(diǎn)的位置,再由消失的濾波器位置信息和新增的位置信息即可實(shí)現(xiàn)故障支路和故障位置的判斷,實(shí)驗(yàn)中獲得了毫米級(jí)精度的故障探測。
[Abstract]:With the development of optical communication technology, optical access network (optical access network), as the bearing unit of optical signal transmission, has also realized a wide range laying, which makes everyone enjoy the convenience brought by optical communication. The distribution of optical fiber in the optical access network is more dense, and the fiber to the household realizes the laying of multiple fibers in a few meters or even shorter intervals. If the precision can not distinguish the multiple fibers in these meters, if the optical fiber fails, the maintenance personnel may be misjudged, thus causing unnecessary human and material waste. In addition, the increase of the communication rate makes the operators more aggravating the effect of the optical fiber barrier. Therefore, in order to make the communication malfunction made. The most effective solution is to reduce the loss and shorten the detection and maintenance time. In the process of detection and maintenance after the optical access network fault, the maintenance time is directly related to the accuracy of the fault location. The most common and most likely problem in the optical access network is fiber optic cable. The maintenance personnel usually use the optical time domain reflector. By using the principle of the pulse flight method, the equipment has the defects of the contradiction between the positioning accuracy and the detection distance of the fault, which limits the positioning accuracy in the long distance measurement. The precision is reduced to tens of meters or even hundreds of meters after the range is over ten kilometers. The maintenance personnel can only search and check in the range of precision, resulting in maintenance. It is difficult to carry out the work in time. Although the researchers have proposed a variety of optical fiber fault location methods, it is difficult to implement the remote high precision positioning function with a simple device. In order to control the operation and maintenance costs strictly, the operators need simple and practical monitoring devices to realize the maintenance of optical fiber in the optical access network with a wide distribution in recent years. It is found that the detection technique of correlation method can realize large range and high precision fault detection and solve the defect of optical time domain reflectometry. However, this method is very strict with the detection signal: periodicity will limit the detection distance and the bandwidth of the signal will limit the detection accuracy. Therefore, detection in the correlation method detection technology, detection The signal requires an aperiodic, high bandwidth and uncomplicated condition that can be used to monitor the fault of the optical network. Now there are three main types of optical access networks: active optical network, passive wavelength division multiplexing optical network, passive time division multiplexing optical network. The requirements of the monitoring device are also focused. Based on the principle of relevant methods, this paper puts forward the corresponding high precision monitoring device for these three kinds of networks, which has simple structure and good application prospect. The main contents and innovation points of this paper are as follows: 1. the related detection techniques are analyzed in principle from the existing optical fiber fault detection technology. Compared with other technologies, and the requirement of the detection signal, 2. in active optical network, the communication signals in the network are used as detection signals, with the aid of the characteristics of random oscillation and high change rate of the signal, the real-time centimetre precision fault monitoring is realized in the existing network, and the positioning work is realized. 3. in the passive wavelength division multiplexing optical network, because each branch has specific wavelength information, the spectrum range of the detection signal must cover all the wavelength information of all the branches of the network. Therefore, we use the high integrated ultra radiant light emitting diode to make use of the characteristics of its wide spectrum and the random fluctuation of the output signal. High precision fault monitoring; 4. in the passive time division multiplexing optical network, because it is difficult to distinguish the specific branch from the signal characteristics, we add reflective optical filters at the end of each branch. The reflection of the filter or the Finel reflection of the fault point provides multi light feedback to make the detection laser produce chaotic laser. The chaotic laser signal The time delay (position) information of the external cavity reflects the position of the feedback point, and then the fault branch and the fault location can be judged by the disappearing filter position information and the new position information. The fault detection of millimeter level precision is obtained in the experiment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TN915.63

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