發(fā)布時間：2018-05-18 02:40

  本文選題：唐五代小說 + 老人形象��； 參考：《上海外國語大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在唐五代三百五十多年間,小說有了極大的發(fā)展,不僅注重講究文采,追求敘事上的曲折細(xì)致,還塑造了很多鮮明生動的形象。對此,人們早有關(guān)注并多方探討,成果不少。但迄今為止,研究者多把視角凝聚在婚戀題材的年輕男女形象上,而對為數(shù)不少的老人形象卻殊少關(guān)注,不能不說是一個很大的遺憾。本文即因此立意,希望在這方面做一些力所能及的拾遺補缺工作。因?qū)W術(shù)界各家選本對小說的界定不同,選材取舍有所出入,本文本著“求全面,免疏漏”的原則,將多家小說總集、選集相結(jié)合,搜集了大量老人形象。基于此,本文試圖對老人形象出現(xiàn)的原因、形象類型、藝術(shù)特征等方面進(jìn)行深入探析。首先,從三個方面來論述唐五代小說中老人形象出現(xiàn)的原因:一是與宗教文化密切相關(guān)。唐代佛教和道教盛行,神仙崇拜和因果報應(yīng)等信仰成風(fēng),同時鬼神、精怪觀念早已在民間流傳并深入人心。受此影響,唐五代小說中塑造了頗多僧道鬼怪類形象,其中不少便是以老人面目出現(xiàn)的。二是受到中國傳統(tǒng)智慧老人文化的深刻影響。中國自古就有敬老尊賢之傳統(tǒng)美德,老人歷經(jīng)歲月的磨練,見多識廣,擁有無數(shù)寶貴的經(jīng)驗常識與人生智慧,故有“家有一老,如有一寶”之說。小說中智慧老人為數(shù)眾多,足見其影響之深。三是唐代仍有重孝風(fēng)尚和重視門第之觀念,父母形象也因此在小說中頻頻出現(xiàn),他們重視門第,控制子女的戀愛婚姻自由,子女們屢屢因為遵守孝道、難違父母之命而放棄真愛,釀成了一對對的愛情悲劇。其次,根據(jù)老人形象的典型特征將其分為智慧型、法術(shù)型、世俗型,并對每種類型舉例加以分析。如智慧型老人在小說中神秘莫測,洞悉世事,有的略施小小技法便能點醒常人了悟人生,有的擁有預(yù)知人們命運的超能力等。又如法術(shù)型老人,他們法術(shù)高超,以精妙技法炫人耳目,神奇的黃白術(shù),玄幻的變化術(shù),爐火純青的劍術(shù),詭秘的符咒術(shù)等,小說對其描寫可謂精彩絕倫、神乎其神。而世俗型老人,以父母形象為主,他們一方面舐犢情深,一方面又強勢地干涉子女的婚戀自由,在小說中有著愛與冷酷的兩副面孔。筆者同時會縱向聯(lián)系唐前后小說中的老人形象,分析老人形象的發(fā)展。最后,論述唐五代小說中老人形象的藝術(shù)特征及缺憾。從環(huán)境描寫、形象描寫和行為描寫三個方面著重對神仙老人形象的藝術(shù)特征進(jìn)行分析:如老人現(xiàn)身的環(huán)境通常是山林洞穴或罕無人跡之處,頗有神仙之鄉(xiāng)、世外桃源之風(fēng);又如老人的形貌一般具有圣與俗的兩面性,表現(xiàn)在外貌的美與丑,神態(tài)的迥異對比上;還如他們的行蹤來去無影蹤、飄忽不定等。另外,因唐五代小說篇幅普遍較短,作者在塑造人物形象時較多采用省略描寫,這導(dǎo)致塑造的人物形象存在一定缺陷。比如老人形象呈現(xiàn)簡單的符號化,還有一定的性別失衡現(xiàn)象等。此外,還略加論述老人形象的存在意義。
[Abstract]:During more than 350 years of Tang and five dynasties, novels have developed greatly. They not only pay attention to the style, pursue the twists and turns of narration, but also shape many vivid images. In this regard, people have long been concerned about and multi-party discussion, many results. So far, however, researchers have concentrated their perspectives on the images of young men and women on the subject of love and marriage, but they have paid little attention to the images of many old people, which is a great pity. Therefore, this paper hopes to do some work in this respect. Because of the different definitions of the novels in academic circles, the selection of materials has some differences, this article, in line with the principle of "seeking all-round, avoiding omissions", combines a number of collections of novels and anthologies, and collects a large number of images of the elderly. Based on this, this paper attempts to explore the causes, types and artistic features of the image of the elderly. Firstly, this paper discusses the reasons of the appearance of the old man in the novels of Tang and five dynasties from three aspects: firstly, it is closely related to religious culture. Buddhism and Taoism prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, and fairies and karma became popular, while the idea of ghosts and gods had already spread among the people and deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Influenced by this, the novels of Tang and five dynasties molded quite a lot of images of monks, Taoism and ghosts, many of which appeared as old people. Second, by the Chinese traditional wisdom of the elderly culture profound impact. Since ancient times, China has the traditional virtue of respecting the old and respecting the sages. The elderly have experienced many years of practice and have extensive knowledge, and have countless valuable experiences, common sense and wisdom in life, so there is the theory that "there is an old man in a home, if there is a treasure." The number of wise old people in the novel shows the depth of its influence. Third, the Tang Dynasty still has the concept of filial piety and the concept of attaching importance to the family, so the image of parents frequently appears in the novel. They attach importance to the family, control their children's freedom of love and marriage, and the children often follow filial piety. It is difficult to give up true love in violation of parents' orders, which leads to a pair of love tragedies. Secondly, according to the typical characteristics of the image of the elderly, it can be classified into intelligent type, magic type and secular type. For example, the intelligent old man is mysterious in the novel, knows the world, some can wake up the ordinary people to understand the life, some has the super ability to predict people's destiny, and so on. Also like the magic type old man, their magic skill dazzles the human eyes and ears, the magic yellow macrocephaly, the mysterious change skill, the fiery sword skill, the mysterious charm technique and so on, the novel to its description can be described as brilliant, supernatural. On the one hand, the secular old people are mainly parents. On the one hand, they love the calf deeply, on the other hand, they strongly interfere with their children's freedom of marriage. They have two faces of love and cold in the novel. At the same time, the author will longitudinally connect the images of the elderly in the novels before and after Tang Dynasty, and analyze the development of the images of the elderly. Finally, the article discusses the artistic characteristics and defects of the image of the elderly in the novels of Tang and five dynasties. From the environment description, the image description and the behavior description three aspects emphatically carries on the analysis to the god immortal old man image artistic characteristic: for example, the old person appears the environment usually is the mountain forest cave or the rare place, quite has the immortal countryside, the world is the source of the wind; For example, the appearance of the old man has two sides, such as the appearance of beauty and ugliness, the contrast of manner, and so on. In addition, owing to the short length of the novels of Tang and five dynasties, the author often uses ellipsis description in portraying characters, which leads to some defects in the portrayal of characters. For example, the image of the elderly presents a simple symbolization, there is a certain gender imbalance and so on. In addition, it also discusses the significance of the image of the elderly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：I207.41

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