發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-16 10:59

  本文選題：膽堿能神經(jīng)元 + BMP-2��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2005年碩士論文

【摘要】：膽堿能神經(jīng)元作為一種重要的功能神經(jīng)元廣泛的存在于中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中,其具有不同的形態(tài)特征,行使著多種功能。它直接參與人類的學(xué)習(xí)、記憶、運(yùn)動(dòng)、睡眠等生理活動(dòng),同時(shí)又是臨床上多種中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)退行性疾病的靶細(xì)胞。目前,臨床上試圖應(yīng)用神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞移植的方法來(lái)治療此類疾病。但是,最棘手的問(wèn)題是獲得的神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞不能全部定向分化為所需的膽堿能神經(jīng)元,以至于所得到的膽堿能神經(jīng)元的數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不足以起到治療的作用。因此要解決與膽堿能神經(jīng)元相關(guān)的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病,還是首先要從根本上掌握其發(fā)生發(fā)育和調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制。因?yàn)樗�不但是探索疾病治療途�?jīng)的基礎(chǔ)也是理解中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能的基礎(chǔ)。 若要研究影響膽堿能神經(jīng)元發(fā)生發(fā)育過(guò)程的細(xì)胞外因子就要首先了解膽堿能神經(jīng)元的發(fā)育情況。乙酰膽堿轉(zhuǎn)移酶(choline acetyltransferase,ChAT)是膽堿能神經(jīng)元合成神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)乙酰膽堿的限速酶,作為膽堿能神經(jīng)元的標(biāo)志性蛋白,可以顯示其表達(dá)區(qū)域也可以追蹤膽堿能神經(jīng)元的發(fā)生、遷移及其最后的分布。在小鼠胚胎12 天(E12)膽堿能神經(jīng)元前體細(xì)胞開始出現(xiàn),主要位于端腦腦室的腹側(cè)。E13.5 天,ChAT 陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞存在于所有腦室的生發(fā)區(qū)。E 14 天出現(xiàn)于側(cè)腦室背外側(cè)及第三腦室的腹背側(cè)部。E 15 天膽堿能神經(jīng)元除在上述區(qū)域繼續(xù)發(fā)育外,還出現(xiàn)在側(cè)腦室內(nèi)側(cè),背側(cè)和腹側(cè)壁。上述膽堿能神經(jīng)元在發(fā)育端腦中的分布都是受到一定信息的引導(dǎo),使其獲得特定的時(shí)空發(fā)育命運(yùn)。那么這種發(fā)育的命運(yùn)是如何獲得的呢?這是我們要研究的主要問(wèn)題。 在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育中,細(xì)胞外因子和細(xì)胞內(nèi)同源域蛋白共同參與了對(duì)細(xì)胞命運(yùn)的決定,膽堿能神經(jīng)元的發(fā)生也同樣遵循這一規(guī)律。細(xì)胞外因子為神經(jīng)元前體細(xì)胞向特定的神經(jīng)元分化提供所需的信息,若要了
[Abstract]:As an important functional neuron, cholinergic neurons widely exist in the central nervous system (CNS). It is directly involved in human learning, memory, movement, sleep and other physiological activities, but also a variety of clinical central nervous system degenerative diseases target cells. At present, we try to use neural stem cell transplantation to treat these diseases. However, the most difficult problem is that the obtained neural stem cells can not be all directional differentiation into the required cholinergic neurons, so the number of the obtained cholinergic neurons is far from enough to play a therapeutic role. Therefore, in order to solve the central nervous system diseases associated with cholinergic neurons, we must first understand the mechanism of its development and regulation. Because it is not only the basis for exploring the treatment of disease, but also for understanding the function of the central nervous system. In order to study the extracellular factors that affect the development of cholinergic neurons, we must first understand the development of cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine acetyltransferase (Chat) is a rate-limiting enzyme for cholinergic neurons to synthesize the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is the iconic protein of cholinergic neurons, indicating its expression region and tracking the occurrence of cholinergic neurons. Migration and its final distribution. The precursor cells of cholinergic neurons began to appear on the 12th day of mouse embryo. The cholinergic neurons mainly located in ventral part of the endoventricular. E13.5 days were found in the germinal regions of all the ventricles. E14 days later, cholinergic neurons appeared in the dorsolateral ventral part of the lateral ventricle and the ventral dorsal part of the third ventricle on the 15th day, except that the cholinergic neurons continued to develop in the above regions. It also appears in the medial, dorsal and ventral walls of the lateral ventricle. The distribution of these cholinergic neurons in the developmental brain is guided by certain information, which makes them obtain a specific fate of space-time development. So how did the fate of development come about? This is the main problem we have to study. In the development of the central nervous system, extracellular factors and intracellular homologous domain proteins are involved in the determination of cell fate, and the occurrence of cholinergic neurons follows the same rule. Extracellular factors provide the necessary information for neuronal progenitor cells to differentiate into specific neurons.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號(hào)】：R329

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