發(fā)布時間：2018-05-14 00:27

  本文選題：電子證據(jù) + 真實性��； 參考：《廣西師范大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：空氣中都漫著信息的味道。如今,智能手機、智能穿戴設備等電子設備與即時通信、電子商務等信息化應用深入各個領域,與人們生活息息相關的信息正逐步向數(shù)字化媒介轉移,這與以往通過可感知的事物反映人們活動的形式相較更廣泛、更復雜、更智能,可以說是人類感知和認知現(xiàn)實的一次變革。正確認定該些信息如何客觀反映、證實人們的行為活動,是司法必須面對的挑戰(zhàn),為此,電子證據(jù)應運而生。電子證據(jù)是社會信息化發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物,通過一定的技術手段挖掘其與客觀事物或事件的聯(lián)系可作為證據(jù),其法律屬性和地位在2012年新修訂的刑事訴訟法和民事訴訟法,及2014年修訂的行政訴訟法中得到了認可,為如何審查認定電子證據(jù)是否滿足證據(jù)條件提供了法律依據(jù)。但電子證據(jù)作為虛擬產(chǎn)物,其無形性必然導致其具有易異變、難辨真?zhèn)蔚绕渌�特�?對不可感知物的收集、鑒定、審查等一系列司法活動無疑需要一套完善的規(guī)范的制度和科學的技術鑒定體系支撐。加拿大法學者加頓曾言“在審判中使用電子證據(jù)的最大挑戰(zhàn)在于,不能輕易地將其劃歸傳統(tǒng)的證據(jù)類型�！�,電子證據(jù)審查認定對現(xiàn)有證據(jù)規(guī)則的突破體現(xiàn)在聯(lián)合國貿法會《電子商業(yè)示范法》提出完整性標準,美國《美國統(tǒng)一電子交易法》、加拿大《統(tǒng)一電子證據(jù)法》、 《統(tǒng)一電子商務法》和《個人信息保護與電子文件法》、菲律賓《電子證據(jù)規(guī)則》、印度《信息技術法》等越來越多國家相繼采用,在基于傳統(tǒng)證據(jù)審查的最佳證據(jù)規(guī)則、傳聞證據(jù)規(guī)則、鑒證規(guī)則運用下,更多通過外延概念界定電子證據(jù),進一步利用證據(jù)完整性側面推定電子證據(jù)效力,進而規(guī)避電子證據(jù)復雜的專業(yè)化的內容認定要求,從某種程度上說,電子證據(jù)認定模式涉及了法律與技術如何結合與平衡的問題。然而縱觀我國當前法律體系,我國并無獨立的證據(jù)部門法進一步對電子證據(jù)進行規(guī)制,存在其概念在各部門規(guī)章中的界定不清、取證依據(jù)不足、司法鑒定制度不完善、認定規(guī)則缺乏和創(chuàng)新不足等問題；同樣,在技術方面,我國亦面臨著無統(tǒng)一的電子證據(jù)技術規(guī)范和行業(yè)標準,取證保全操作性不高也不專,相關自主鑒定工具缺乏和性能落后等問題,為此,如何準確審查認定電子證據(jù)的真實性、合法性、關聯(lián)性值得深思。法律與技術如何平衡和相互影響或將是電子證據(jù)審查認定研究的突破口。本文共分七個章節(jié),第一章引出對電子證據(jù)認定現(xiàn)狀、問題和建議進行闡述：第二章詮釋了電子證據(jù)概念、表現(xiàn)形式和分類,為電子證據(jù)認定方向進行了初步認識；第三章介紹和分析了國外就電子證據(jù)的認定困境及變革思路、規(guī)則,側面與我國電子證據(jù)認定現(xiàn)狀進行了比較；第四章簡要分析了認定電子證據(jù)有關真實性、合法性、關聯(lián)性上與傳統(tǒng)證據(jù)的關系和差異；第五章分析了我國電子證據(jù)存在的問題,主要是立法不完善、保全措施不專、司法鑒定制度不全、審查認定規(guī)則缺乏等；第六章根據(jù)我國電子證據(jù)審查認定現(xiàn)狀,提出借鑒國際經(jīng)驗,立法為主,技術推動為輔,不斷完善電子證據(jù)審查認定的建議。同時,就電子證據(jù)保全和司法鑒定規(guī)則的完善意見,旨在把握電子證據(jù)源頭和實質內容的真實性認定,以確保電子證據(jù)審查認定在審查認定環(huán)節(jié)的真實和可靠。最后,本文著重對電子證據(jù)認定規(guī)則構建進行了初步建設,主要結合傳統(tǒng)證據(jù)真實性、合法性、關聯(lián)性等特征和國外側面推定原則,以可采信性和證明力為出發(fā)點,從真實性、合法性角度構建可采性認定規(guī)則,而證明力方面除傳統(tǒng)證據(jù)的關聯(lián)性分析外,本文提出融入電子證據(jù)可靠性和完整性的認定規(guī)則輔以規(guī)制。其次,就電子證據(jù)非法證據(jù)排除規(guī)則構建進行了討論,同時結合電子證據(jù)的技術性要求,本文還提出了以加強電子證據(jù)取證技術發(fā)展、推行社會第三方網(wǎng)絡公證、規(guī)范專家鑒定制度、建立專家顧問制度等意見建議；第七章對今后電子證據(jù)發(fā)展提出了展望。本文部分內容觀點多以實踐角度出發(fā),如電子證據(jù)真實性判定相關技術應用和意見總結于筆者工作經(jīng)驗,及取證、鑒定程序合法性規(guī)制的建議亦是筆者源于歷年工作的一些思考,水平有限尚有不足,希望此舉能對電子證據(jù)審查認定工作發(fā)展有所助益。
[Abstract]:All the information applications such as smart phone, smart wearer, instant communication, electronic commerce and other information applications are deep in various fields. The information which is closely related to people's life is gradually transferring to the digital media, which is more extensive than the forms that reflect people's activities through the past perceptible things. General, more complex, more intelligent, can be said to be a change in human perception and cognitive reality. It is a challenge to correctly identify how the information is objectively reflected and to confirm the behavior of people. Electronic evidence is the product of the social informational development. The association of objective things or events can be used as evidence. Its legal attributes and status are recognized in the newly revised criminal procedure law and civil procedure law in 2012, and in the revised administrative procedure law of 2014. It provides legal basis for how to examine whether the evidence is satisfied with the evidence conditions. But the electronic evidence is a virtual product, and it is not. A series of judicial activities, such as collection, identification and examination of non perceivable objects, will undoubtedly require a complete set of normative systems and scientific technical identification system support. It can easily be classified as a traditional evidence type. "The electronic evidence review finds that the breakthrough in the existing rules of evidence is reflected in the integrity standards of the electronic commerce model law, the United States, the United States, the United Electronic Evidence Law of Canada, the unified electronic commerce law, and the protection and electricity of personal information. More and more countries have adopted the sub document law, the electronic evidence rule of Philippines and the information technology law of India. In the case of the best evidence rule based on the traditional evidence review, the rule of hearsay evidence and the rules of evidence, the electronic evidence is defined more by the denotation concept, and the validity of the electronic evidence is presumed in the aspect of the integrity of evidence. In order to avoid the requirements of the complex and specialized content identification of electronic evidence, to some extent, the electronic evidence identification model involves the problem of how the law and technology are combined and balanced. However, in the current legal system in China, there is no independent evidence department in China to further regulate electronic evidence, and there is a concept in various departments. The definition of the rules is not clear, the evidence basis is insufficient, the judicial identification system is not perfect, the identification rules are lack and the innovation is insufficient. In the same technology, our country also faces no unified electronic evidence technical standard and industry standard, and it is not highly operable to obtain evidence, and the lack of independent identification tools and backward performance are also asked. To this end, how to accurately examine the authenticity, legitimacy and relevance of electronic evidence is worth pondering. The balance and interaction between law and technology will be a breakthrough in the study of electronic evidence examination and identification. This article is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter introduces the status, problems and suggestions of the identification of electronic evidence: the second chapter of interpretation. The concept of electronic evidence, the form and classification of the electronic evidence have been preliminarily recognized. The third chapter introduces and analyzes the predicament of the identification of electronic evidence in foreign countries and the thinking of change, the rules, and the comparison of the status of electronic evidence identification in our country; the fourth chapter briefly analyzes the authenticity of the identification of electronic evidence. The fifth chapter analyzes the problems of the electronic evidence in our country, including the imperfect legislation, the incomplete preservation measures, the incomplete judicial identification system and the lack of the examination and identification rules. The sixth chapter is based on the status of the electronic evidence examination and identification in China, and proposes to draw lessons from international experience, legislation and technology as a reference. At the same time, in order to ensure the authenticity of the source and substance of electronic evidence, to ensure the authenticity and reliability of the examination and confirmation of electronic evidence. Finally, this article focuses on the electronic evidence. The construction of the establishment of the rule of cognizance is preliminarily constructed, which mainly combines the characteristics of the authenticity, legality and relevance of the traditional evidence and the foreign side presumption principles. The rules of recognition of admissibility are constructed from the perspective of authenticity and legitimacy, and the proof force square is integrated with the analysis of the relevance of the traditional evidence. The identification rules of the reliability and integrity of electronic evidence are supplemented by regulation. Secondly, the construction of the exclusionary rule of the illegal evidence of electronic evidence is discussed. At the same time, combined with the technical requirements of electronic evidence, this paper also proposes to strengthen the development of electronic evidence forensics technology, promote the social third party network notarization, standardize the expert identification system, and establish a special expert system. The seventh chapter puts forward the prospect of the development of electronic evidence in the future. In this paper, some of the contents of this article are from the practical point of view, such as the application of the authenticity of electronic evidence and the opinions summarized in the author's work experience, and the evidence of forensic regulation. There are still some shortcomings in some thinking and limited level. I hope this will help the development of electronic evidence review and accreditation.

【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D925.23

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