發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-14 23:05

  本文選題：環(huán)境污染犯罪 + 被害人　； 參考：《浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著環(huán)境污染犯罪問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn),環(huán)境污染犯罪被害人法律救濟(jì)的相關(guān)問(wèn)題越來(lái)越受到理論界、實(shí)務(wù)界尤其是法學(xué)界的關(guān)注，環(huán)境污染犯罪具有社會(huì)影響廣泛性，污染后果長(zhǎng)期性，對(duì)人體傷害隱蔽性等特性，這就要求在環(huán)境污染犯罪中，國(guó)家司法機(jī)關(guān)僅僅憑借國(guó)家強(qiáng)制力以刑事手段處罰環(huán)境污染犯罪人，并不能平復(fù)環(huán)境污染犯罪被害人所受的人身?yè)p害、財(cái)產(chǎn)損失或精神傷害。在司法實(shí)踐中，在全面深化改革的歷史背景下，對(duì)于環(huán)境污染犯罪被害人更主要的是從經(jīng)濟(jì)上給予足夠的物質(zhì)幫助，恢復(fù)被害前的生產(chǎn)、生活水平及身體健康狀態(tài)，并且運(yùn)用充分的法律權(quán)利予以救濟(jì)，保障其應(yīng)有的合法權(quán)利。 本文主要研究如何構(gòu)建環(huán)境污染犯罪被害人法律救濟(jì)制度，從而達(dá)到懲罰犯罪、保護(hù)我國(guó)公民環(huán)境合法權(quán)益的需要，促進(jìn)我國(guó)整個(gè)環(huán)境法律制度的發(fā)展。在我國(guó)環(huán)境污染犯罪被害人法律救濟(jì)制度中，首先，要增強(qiáng)環(huán)境法律意識(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)變相關(guān)環(huán)境立法觀念，環(huán)境立法由“人類中心主義”向“生態(tài)中心主義”轉(zhuǎn)變。其次，在實(shí)體的權(quán)利上，在憲法中創(chuàng)設(shè)環(huán)境權(quán)，加大刑罰的保護(hù)力度，打擊地方保護(hù)主義，弱化環(huán)境行政從屬性。再次，要積極保障環(huán)境污染犯罪被害人的相關(guān)訴訟權(quán)利，依法保障其起訴權(quán)的正確行使，并且賦予其適當(dāng)?shù)男塘P裁量建議權(quán)，實(shí)現(xiàn)懲罰犯罪與保障人權(quán)的雙重目的，同時(shí)對(duì)于追訴權(quán)、上訴權(quán)等都有必要分析并加以保護(hù)。最后，積極建立健全環(huán)境污染犯罪被害人權(quán)利救濟(jì)的相關(guān)法律制度，提出建立我國(guó)環(huán)境污染犯罪被害人國(guó)家補(bǔ)償制度的設(shè)想，在程序權(quán)利的設(shè)計(jì)上，完善我國(guó)的環(huán)境污染犯罪被害人的法律援助制度，加之環(huán)境污染犯罪賠償公益基金和環(huán)境污染責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)制度，，從完善法律救濟(jì)制度上來(lái)進(jìn)一步構(gòu)建我國(guó)的環(huán)境污染犯罪被害人的法律救濟(jì)制度。
[Abstract]:With the emergence of the problem of environmental pollution crime, the problems related to the legal relief of the victims of environmental pollution crime are paid more and more attention by the theoretical circle, the practical circle, especially the legal circle, and the environmental pollution crime has extensive social impact. The long-term nature of pollution consequences and the concealment of harm to human bodies require that in the crime of environmental pollution, the state judicial organs only rely on the state's coercive power to punish the environmental pollution offenders by criminal means. It can not recuperate the personal injury, property loss or mental injury suffered by the victim of the crime of environmental pollution. In judicial practice, under the historical background of comprehensively deepening the reform, the more important thing for the victims of environmental pollution crime is to provide sufficient material assistance economically to restore the production, living standard and health state of the victims before being killed. And the use of full legal rights to remedy, to protect its due legal rights. This paper mainly studies how to construct the legal relief system for the victims of environmental pollution crime, so as to punish the crime, protect the legitimate rights and interests of our citizens' environment, and promote the development of the whole environmental legal system of our country. In the legal relief system for victims of environmental pollution crime in China, firstly, we should strengthen the awareness of environmental law, change the concept of relevant environmental legislation, and change the environmental legislation from "anthropocentrism" to "ecocentrism". Secondly, in the aspect of substantive rights, we should create environmental rights in the constitution, strengthen the protection of punishment, crack down on local protectionism and weaken the attribute of environmental administration. Thirdly, we should actively protect the relevant litigation rights of the victims of environmental pollution crime, ensure the correct exercise of their right to sue according to law, and give them the right to propose appropriate penalties, so as to achieve the dual purpose of punishing the crime and protecting human rights. At the same time, it is necessary to analyze and protect the right of prosecution and appeal. Finally, we should actively establish and improve the relevant legal system of the right relief for the victims of environmental pollution crime, put forward the idea of establishing the national compensation system for the victims of environmental pollution crime in our country, and design the procedural rights. To improve the legal aid system for victims of environmental pollution crimes, coupled with the public welfare fund for environmental pollution crime compensation and the environmental pollution liability insurance system, In order to perfect the legal relief system, the author further constructs the legal relief system for the victims of environmental pollution crime.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D925.2

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