發(fā)布時間：2018-03-22 16:54

  本文選題：公有公共設施　切入點：國家賠償　出處：《云南大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：設置、管理過程中的公有公共設施難免會產(chǎn)生各種侵權事件,對于事件發(fā)生后的賠償路徑,我國行政法學者多呼吁將其納入國家賠償法的范圍,筆者認為適用民事相關法律進行調整更有利于國家、人民、社會的和諧發(fā)展。本文先從公有公共設施的基礎內涵入手,再比較國內外地區(qū)相關方面在法律上的規(guī)定：就大陸法系來說,將致害事件發(fā)生后的賠償問題從民事法律中分離出去的國家比較多,而英美法系國家由于歷史原因、社會背景等特點在該問題的處理上和一般侵權主體的救濟途徑一樣。然后從法律制定者角度分析了為什么不將公有公共設施侵權責任問題歸結到國家賠償法中；從行政法角度分析設置、管理公有公共設施的行為不屬于行使公權力的行政活動；在民法上,這種設置、管理行為屬于私經(jīng)濟行政,行政機關也是法人的一種。在歸責原則上,筆者認為理應使用過錯推定的責任原則。無過錯責任原則過于夸大了管理人責任,侵權賠償會成為整個國家經(jīng)濟上的包袱；公平責任原則更多的是在侵權人和受害人均不存在過錯的情況下,針對賠償標準進行的道德上救濟。而過錯推定責任原則一方面可以更好地保障受害人權益,另一方面針對國家承擔的賠償負擔可以建立相應的基金制度來減輕,還可以借助社會保險來降低管理風險。
[Abstract]:In the course of setting up and managing the public facilities, it is inevitable that all kinds of tort events will occur. For the compensation path after the event, the scholars of administrative law of our country often call for it to be brought into the scope of the state compensation law. The author believes that the application of civil related laws to adjust is more conducive to the harmonious development of the country, the people and society. And then compare the legal provisions of relevant aspects at home and abroad: as far as the civil law system is concerned, there are more countries separating the problem of compensation after the occurrence of injurious events from the civil law, while the common law countries are due to historical reasons. The characteristics of social background are the same as that of the general tortfeasor. Then the author analyzes why the tort liability of the public utilities should not be reduced to the state compensation law from the angle of the lawmaker. From the angle of administrative law, the behavior of managing public facilities does not belong to the administrative activities of exercising public power; in civil law, the administrative behavior belongs to the private economic administration, and the administrative organ is also a kind of legal person. The author thinks that the principle of liability of presumption of fault should be used. The principle of no-fault liability exaggerates the responsibility of manager, and tort compensation will become the burden of the whole country's economy. The principle of fair liability is the moral relief to the standard of compensation if there is no fault between the infringer and the victim. On the one hand, the principle of presumption of fault can better protect the rights and interests of the victim. On the other hand, we can set up the corresponding fund system to lighten the compensation burden that the country bears, and can also use social insurance to reduce the risk of management.
【學位授予單位】：云南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D922.181
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本文編號：1649544