發(fā)布時間：2018-03-10 17:25

  本文選題：高層民用建筑　切入點：火災風險評估樹　出處：《北京理工大學》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：高層建筑是城市化發(fā)展的必然產(chǎn)物,然而高層建筑的消防問題,一直是一道世界性的難題。傳統(tǒng)高層建筑火災研究未能將高層建筑火災發(fā)生前的風險評價與一旦發(fā)生火災后的及時控制技術(shù)進行有效結(jié)合,不符合風險源過程控制的思想。本研究旨在設計開發(fā)一種科學的高層建筑火災風險綜合評價系統(tǒng)和新型無線煙—溫復合式火災自動報警系統(tǒng),以期實現(xiàn)高層建筑火災的過程防控。針對高層民用建筑火災發(fā)生的不確定性以及傳統(tǒng)評價方法的局限性,本研究引入了未確知理論,進行高層建筑火災風險的未確知評價方法建模,并在此基礎上,設計開發(fā)高層建筑火災風險未確知綜合評價系統(tǒng),解決了系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)的三個主要難題。首先,根據(jù)高層民用建筑的特點,通過高層民用建筑火災的三類風險源辨識,結(jié)合我國《建筑設計防火規(guī)范》和《高層民用建筑設計防火規(guī)范》,運用典型事件分析法,獲取了影響高層建筑火災發(fā)生的37個主要不確定性風險因素,提出了“高層建筑火災風險評估樹”理論,解決了評價對象特征空間的科學建立問題。進而基于Matlab和VB技術(shù),開發(fā)了基于“高層建筑火災風險評估樹”和未確知聚類的高層建筑火災風險綜合評價系統(tǒng)軟件,解決了系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)的技術(shù)手段和可操作性問題。同時,引入BIM技術(shù)結(jié)合專家評分方法,解決了評價對象數(shù)據(jù)信息的有效獲取問題。最后,以8棟實際高層民用建筑火災調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)為例,進行了實證研究。研究結(jié)果表明,通過未確知評價隸屬度,可以將高層建筑火災發(fā)生的不確定性問題轉(zhuǎn)化為相對確定性的問題。例如,某高層建筑火災風險評價結(jié)果的未確知隸屬度為(0.3406,0.3406,0.1598,0.1590),雖然我們不知道那種情況會發(fā)生,但至少我們可以知道每一種情況發(fā)生的可能性。從而明確了火災防控的重點對象,減少了防控的盲目性,實現(xiàn)了高層建筑火災發(fā)生前災害的預防性。在高層建筑火災風險綜合評價的基礎上,對于火災防控的重點對象,為了最大限度降低其一旦發(fā)生火災后的危害和損失,及時進行火情的控制。針對火災自動報警技術(shù)在高層民用建筑火災控制中的重要性,本研究進一步設計開發(fā)一種基于最新無線通信技術(shù)的新型煙—溫復合式高層建筑火災自動報警系統(tǒng),完成報警系統(tǒng)的硬件設計。在系統(tǒng)軟件設計中,引入前向糾錯編碼技術(shù),解決系統(tǒng)信號傳輸?shù)目煽啃詥栴}。同時針對傳統(tǒng)火災報警算法在火災信息處理中誤報率較高的問題,進行火災智能報警算法研究,建立基于SVR的火災報警算法模型,并進行實證分析。在此基礎上,搭建火災實驗平臺,進行系統(tǒng)測試和實驗分析。研究結(jié)果表明,本研究所設計開發(fā)的新型火災自動報警系統(tǒng),在所進行的實驗中,系統(tǒng)火災報警的時間比采用傳統(tǒng)報警算法的系統(tǒng)大約可提前5s左右,誤報率可以降低到2%以下。研究實現(xiàn)了高層建筑一旦發(fā)生火災后火情監(jiān)測的實時性和火災報警的準確性,從而在一定程度上實現(xiàn)了高層建筑火災發(fā)生后災害的及時控制性。本研究開發(fā)的高層建筑火災風險未確知綜合評價系統(tǒng)和基于SVR報警算法的新型無線復合式高層建筑火災自動報警系統(tǒng),實現(xiàn)了高層建筑火災的過程防控,而非某一時點上(發(fā)生前或發(fā)生后)的控制。研究成果為高層民用建筑火災災害的預防和控制,提供了重要的科學依據(jù)和技術(shù)途徑,也為高層建筑火災風險管理提供了一種可靠的決策支持系統(tǒng)。
[Abstract]:The high-rise building is the inevitable product of the development of the city, but the high-rise building fire safety problems, has been a worldwide problem. The traditional high-rise building fire risk evaluation to high-rise building fire occurred before and after the fire timely control technology for effective integration, risk source does not conform to the idea of process control. The automatic alarm system of this research is to develop a comprehensive high-rise building fire risk evaluation system of a scientific design and a new wireless smoke temperature composite fire, in order to realize the process of prevention and control of high-rise building fire. Fire in high-rise buildings the uncertainties and limitations of traditional evaluation methods, this paper introduces the unascertained theory, for high-rise building fire risk evaluation method of unascertained model, and on this basis, the design and development of high-rise building fire risk unascertained comprehensive evaluation system The system solves three major problems of system implementation. Firstly, according to the characteristics of high-rise buildings, the three kinds of risk identification fires of high-rise buildings, combined with China's architectural design code > < < fire protection and fire protection design of tall buildings ", using the typical event analysis method, obtained the effect of fire in high-rise the building of the 37 main risk factors of uncertainty, put forward the" high-rise building fire risk assessment tree "theory, to solve the problem of establishing scientific evaluation object feature space. Then Matlab and VB based technology, developed based on the" high building fire risk assessment tree and unascertained clustering of high-rise building fire risk comprehensive the evaluation system software, realize the technology system and operational problems. At the same time, the introduction of BIM technology combined with expert scoring method to solve the evaluation object data information effectively gets asked Questions. Finally, in 8, the actual high-rise building fire survey data as an example, the empirical research. The results of the study show that, through the unascertained evaluation membership, can be high-rise building fire uncertainty problem into the relative uncertainty problem. For example, a high-rise building fire risk evaluation results of unascertained membership degree (0.3406,0.3406,0.1598,0.1590), although we don't know what will happen, but at least we can know the possibility of every situation. In order to make clear the focus of fire prevention and control, reduce the blindness prevention and control, prevention of the occurrence of the disaster of high-rise building fire. Based on high-rise building fire risk assessment, for the focus of fire prevention and control, in order to minimize its once the fire damage and loss, timely control of fire in the fire. Fire automatic alarm fire control technology in the importance of high-rise buildings, the development of a new smoke alarm system - the latest wireless communication technology of the composite temperature of high-rise building fire based on the research design, the hardware design of alarm system. In the software design, the introduction of FEC encoding technology, solve the problem of reliability the signal transmitting system. At the same time for the traditional fire alarm and high rate of false positives in the fire information processing algorithm, the algorithm of intelligent fire alarm, fire alarm to establish the SVR model based on the algorithm, and carries out empirical analysis. On this basis, to build a fire experiment platform, system testing and experimental analysis results. The research design of the new development of the fire automatic alarm system, in the experiments, the system of fire alarm time than the traditional alarm count The law system about about 5S in advance, the false alarm rate can be reduced to below 2%. The accuracy of the high-rise building once the fire fire fire monitoring and real-time alarm, so as to achieve the timely control of the high-rise building fire disaster occurred in a certain extent. The research and development of high-rise building fire risk is not unascertained comprehensive evaluation system and SVR alarm algorithm new wireless composite based on high-rise building fire automatic alarm system, realize the prevention and control of high-rise building fire, rather than a certain time (before or after) control. Research results for the prevention and control of fire in high-rise buildings, provide a scientific basis for and an important approach, but also provides a reliable decision support system for high-rise building fire risk management.

【學位授予單位】：北京理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU976.5

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