發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-27 02:59

【摘要】：異地高考問題是我國(guó)近年來高等教育領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)的熱點(diǎn)問題,同時(shí)也是需要中央與地方政府部門采取必要措施予以妥善解決的難題。異地高考問題能否得到有效解決不僅影響到全國(guó)各地隨遷子女未來的前途與命運(yùn),還直接關(guān)系到教育領(lǐng)域的公平公正性能否得到切實(shí)保障。隨著大量隨遷子女要求在流入地參加高考的呼聲日益高漲,異地高考問題逐漸獲得政府決策者和社會(huì)各界人士的高度關(guān)注,迫使異地高考改革問題亟需提上政府議事日程,也推動(dòng)了具體改革方案的盡快出臺(tái)。然而,異地高考改革在實(shí)施過程中面臨很多困境,也遭遇很大阻力,如固有體制性因素的制約、沒有切實(shí)可行的解決問題的對(duì)策辦法、隨遷子女與當(dāng)?shù)乜忌�之間的利益沖突等,這些問題都嚴(yán)重阻礙了異地高考的改革進(jìn)程,也決定了最終改革效果并不理想的結(jié)果。 公共政策過程概念是在拉斯韋爾創(chuàng)立的政策科學(xué)范式下引申出來的,最初以政策過程階段論作為其主導(dǎo)思想。隨著階段性理論影響范圍的不斷擴(kuò)大,公共政策過程理論也開始逐漸朝著深化與創(chuàng)新的方向發(fā)展。約翰·金登的多源流理論框架是旨在研究政府前決策過程的經(jīng)典理論之一,政策網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論以追求民主、平等、參與、互動(dòng)為目標(biāo),強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)政策過程的空間結(jié)構(gòu)及其內(nèi)部行動(dòng)者進(jìn)行分析的前沿理論。前者拋開政策過程階段論的整體性思維,單獨(dú)從其中的某一個(gè)階段入手,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行深入研究；后者主要彌補(bǔ)了階段性理論的不足,注重政策過程的政治分析,為政策科學(xué)學(xué)科的發(fā)展做出了卓越貢獻(xiàn)。此外,研究表明,多源流理論與政策網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論相結(jié)合是具有理論必然性和理論可能性的。 本文正是基于公共政策過程理論的視角,嘗試應(yīng)用多源流理論與政策網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論相結(jié)合的方法對(duì)我國(guó)異地高考問題進(jìn)行研究。首先簡(jiǎn)要介紹中國(guó)異地高考問題,并對(duì)該問題的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行綜述,以及分別對(duì)多源流理論和政策網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論的國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行梳理和綜述。然后,詳細(xì)介紹這兩個(gè)理論的主要內(nèi)容,還對(duì)兩個(gè)理論相結(jié)合的必要性與可能性進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)分析。緊接著,在分析了應(yīng)用多源流理論研究該問題的適用性的基礎(chǔ)上,具體研究異地高考問題如何獲得政府官員注意而被提上政府議程的,都有哪些備選方案漂浮在政策原湯中,它們又是歷經(jīng)怎樣的沉浮,為何具體政策方案遲遲無法出臺(tái),中央政府因何將政策制定權(quán)下放各地,各地政府出臺(tái)的具體政策為何大相徑庭,以及為何說異地高考改革以失敗告終。為了補(bǔ)充多源流理論沒有研究到位的內(nèi)容,繼續(xù)采用與其具有外在聯(lián)系性與內(nèi)在邏輯性的政策網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論對(duì)該問題進(jìn)行更為深入的分析,具體圍繞問題所在的政策環(huán)境將問題涉及的各類網(wǎng)絡(luò)行動(dòng)者進(jìn)行歸類,逐一分析他們的網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源占有情況及其互動(dòng)關(guān)系,從而得到各類行動(dòng)者在異地高考改革中的身份地位、話語(yǔ)權(quán)和影響力與改革結(jié)果之間形成了怎樣一種因果關(guān)系。最后通過上述兩種理論的研究結(jié)論,有針對(duì)性地提出推進(jìn)中國(guó)異地高考問題解決的政策建議,從深化改革固有體制性因素、盡量滿足政策方案得以幸存的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)判定、處理好央地之間的權(quán)責(zé)關(guān)系、大眾傳媒需要發(fā)揮的作用以及正確引導(dǎo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)行動(dòng)者之間的互動(dòng)關(guān)系等方面對(duì)今后有效解決異地高考問題提出思路建議。
[Abstract]:The problem of off-site college entrance examination is a hot issue in the field of higher education in recent years, and it also needs the central and local government departments to take the necessary measures to solve the problems. Whether the college entrance examination problem can be solved effectively affects not only the future and fate of the children in the whole country, but also whether the fairness and justice in the field of education can be effectively guaranteed. With the increasing demands of the large number of children to take part in the college entrance examination, the problem of the college entrance examination in different places has gradually gained the high attention of the government policy makers and the people from all walks of life, forcing the reform of the college entrance examination in different places to be put on the agenda of the government. It also promoted the adoption of the specific reform programme as soon as possible. However, in the course of implementation, the reform of the college entrance examination is faced with many difficulties, and it also encounters great resistance, such as the restriction of the inherent institutional factors, the measures to solve the problem, the conflict of interest between the children and the local candidates, etc., These problems seriously hinder the process of the reform of the college entrance examination in the off-site, and also decide the result of the final reform. The concept of the process of public policy is introduced under the policy science paradigm, which is founded in Las Verwell. With the expansion of the influence of the theory of the periodic theory, the theory of the process of public policy is gradually moving towards the direction of deepening and innovation. The multi-source theory framework of John Jinden is one of the classical theories to study the decision-making process of the government, and the policy network theory aims to pursue the goal of democracy, equality, participation and interaction, and emphasizes the frontier of the analysis of the spatial structure of the policy process and its internal actors. On the other hand, the former puts aside the whole thinking of the stage theory of policy process, and starts from one stage of it and studies it. The latter mainly makes up the deficiency of the stage theory, pays attention to the political analysis of the policy process, and has made outstanding tribute to the development of the science of policy science. In addition, the research shows that the combination of the theory of multi-source and the theory of policy network is the theoretical necessity and the theoretical possibility. This paper is based on the theory of the process of public policy, and tries to apply the combination of the theory of multi-source and the theory of policy network to the problem of the college entrance examination in the country. First of all, the paper gives a brief introduction to the problems of the national college entrance examination in China, and reviews the relevant literature of the problem. And the necessity and possibility of the combination of the two theories are also described in detail. Then, on the basis of the analysis of the applicability of the multi-source-source theory to the problem, how to get the attention of the government officials and how to get the government's agenda, and what options are floating in the policy-original soup, how are they going through What's the difference between the central government's policy-making power and the specific policies introduced by the local government and why the reform of the national college entrance examination is lost In order to supplement the content of the theory of multi-source and source, it will continue to use the policy network theory with its external contact and internal logic to make a more thorough analysis of the problem, in particular to the various network actors involved in the policy environment of the problem. In this paper, the status of the status, the voice and the influence of the various actors in the reform of the college entrance examination and the results of the reform are analyzed by line classification, and the relationship between the status, the voice and the influence of the different actors in the reform of the college entrance examination is obtained. Finally, through the research conclusions of the above two theories, it is pointed out that the policy suggestion to advance the problem of the national college entrance examination in China is put forward, from the inherent institutional factors of the reform, the standard decision of the survival of the policy plan can be satisfied, and the right to deal with the central land is dealt with. The relationship between the responsibility, the role of the mass media and the correct guidance of the interactive relationship among the network actors in the future can be put forward for the effective solution of the problem of the college entrance examination in the future
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D630

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